How to Clean Your Sink with Baking Soda

Sinks get a lot of use, which means food and grime can build up in them. This can make them drain slowly or even look dingy. To use baking soda to clean your sink, buff baking soda into your sink and wash it away with white vinegar. To deal with a clogged drain, try flushing your sink with boiling water, baking soda, and white vinegar.

Steps

Removing Grime

1. Remove all of your dishes and give your sink a rinse. To clean your sink, start with a fresh palette. Take out any dirty dishes you might have in the sink and rinse your entire sink with cool water. Make sure there are no food chunks stuck in the drain catch.^[1]
   
   
   
   • If your sink has a lot of food residue, squirt some dish soap in it before you rinse it out.
2. Sprinkle a layer of baking soda over your entire sink. Use a liberal amount of baking soda to cover your entire sink.^[2] Make sure to get the sides of the sink as well as the bottom. If you sprinkle too much in an area, use your fingers to gently brush it around the sink.^[3]
   
   
   • Shake the box of baking soda directly over the sink, or use a spoon to pick up a little bit at a time and sprinkle it around.
3. Scrub the baking soda with a sponge in a circular motion. Use a damp sponge to gently buff the baking soda into your sink.^[4] Go with the direction of the grain of your sink. Baking soda is mildly abrasive, so it will clean without scratching anything. Make sure to scrub every inch of your sink, or you may get streaks.^[5]
   
   
   • You can use a cloth instead of a sponge if you are worried about scratching your sink with an abrasive material.
4. Pour vinegar over the entire sink. The vinegar will react with the baking soda and foam up. Vinegar dissolves the baking soda and any grease or grime it has picked up, making it easier to wash down your drain. Pour enough vinegar to dissolve all of the baking soda in your sink.^[6]
   
   
   
   • Baking soda and vinegar will not clog your drain.
5. Rinse the sink out with warm water. Use your sink faucet to rinse all of the vinegar and baking soda down your drain. Warm water will help the baking soda dissolve even more. If you have a hose faucet extension, use that to rinse off your entire sink. Otherwise, use a cup to pour water over your entire sink.^[7]
   
   
   • If any vinegar or baking soda dries on your sink, it could leave streaks.
6. Dry your sink with a clean cloth. Wipe down the inside of your sink to ensure that the entire thing is clean. Check for any streaks or dirty spots left that you can use baking soda on again. Your sink will stay clean for at least 2 weeks.^[8]
   
   
   • If you want to shine your stainless steel sink, rub a lemon slice all over your sink after it is dry.
7. Soak your drain covers in baking soda and vinegar for 15 minutes. Drain covers can also get covered in food scraps and grime. Mix of white vinegar and 1 tablespoon (14.4 g) of baking soda in a large bowl. Submerge your drain covers in the mixture and let them soak. Rinse them off with warm water and dry them with a clean towel.^[9]
   
   
   
   • The vinegar and baking soda mixture will foam up at first. Put your bowl in the sink to catch any drips that might happen.

Unclogging Your Drain with Baking Soda

1. Pour a pot of boiling water down your drain. Set a large pot of water on your stove on high heat. Wait until it is boiling and large bubbles appear at the top of the water. Use pot holders to carefully pick up your pot of boiling water and pour it directly down the drain of your sink. Boiling water helps to break up any super large clogs that are in your sink, and makes it easier for the baking soda and vinegar to work.^[10]
   
   
   
2. Dump ½ cup (120 g) of baking soda down the drain. Baking soda is a naturally abrasive agent and will work to break up clogs in your drain. Add baking soda to your drain and try to get as much down the drain as you can.^[11]
   
   
   • The baking soda may sit on top of the drain at first, and that’s okay.
3. Pour of white vinegar down the drain. Vinegar will react with the baking soda and start to bubble up. Vinegar dissolves the baking soda as well as grease or grime that could be clogging your sink. Do not be alarmed if your drain starts to froth up; this means the reaction is working.
   
   
   • White vinegar is more acidic than normal vinegar, so it is better for cleaning.
4. Pour of hot water down your drain. Hot water will also work to dissolve any grime that is in your drain. It will also work to dilute the vinegar and baking soda so that they go down your drain. Use your sink to pour about of hot water down your drain.
   
   
5. Flush your drain with another pot of boiling water. Bring another pot of water to a boil on high heat. Carefully pour the pot of boiling water down the drain to flush out any remaining vinegar or baking soda. This final flush rinses any remaining sludge out of your drain.^[12]
   
   
   
   • If your drain is still clogged, you may need to try a harsher chemical drain cleaner.

Video

Things You’ll Need

Removing Grime

• Baking soda
• Vinegar
• Sponge
• Dry cloth
• Large bowl

Unclogging Your Drain with Baking Soda

• Baking soda
• White vinegar
• Large pot

References

Quick Summary

1. ↑ https://ohsospotless.com/how-to-clean-a-sink-with-baking-soda/
2. ↑ [v161131_b01]. 8 November 2020.
3. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0sgPLHhsNs&feature=youtu.be&t=390
4. ↑ [v161131_b01]. 8 November 2020.
5. ↑ https://ohsospotless.com/how-to-clean-a-sink-with-baking-soda/
6. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0sgPLHhsNs&feature=youtu.be&t=441
7. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjB3DJFIP_M&feature=youtu.be&t=134
8. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjB3DJFIP_M&feature=youtu.be&t=185
9. ↑ https://ohsospotless.com/how-to-clean-a-sink-with-baking-soda/
10. ↑ https://www.today.com/home/here-s-cheap-eco-friendly-fix-slow-moving-drain-t102885
11. ↑ https://www.today.com/home/here-s-cheap-eco-friendly-fix-slow-moving-drain-t102885
12. ↑ https://www.today.com/home/here-s-cheap-eco-friendly-fix-slow-moving-drain-t102885

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How to Ask Better Questions

Learn how to impress everyone with more thoughtful questions

Asking questions is essential to communication. But many people don’t always ask the right kinds of questions, and as a result they miss out on a lot of important details. Fortunately, asking questions, like anything else, is a skill that can be cultivated. Seeing the world around you more clearly starts with having an understanding of what you’re looking for when exchanging the sort of insights that lead to real discoveries. Before you ask a question, it’s worth thinking about what you hope to gain and how you can present it to arrive at the information you’re lacking.

How to Ask Great Questions: Quick Tips

1. Have a purpose for asking each question and what you want from the answer.
2. Choose the person with the most expertise to ask your question.
3. Keep your question brief and to the point.
4. Listen with your full attention when the person answers.
5. Ask follow-up questions based on their answers to deepen the conversation.

Steps

How to Ask Questions That Have Weight

1. Be willing to ask.^[1] Many people are hesitant to ask questions because they’re afraid it will make them look uninformed. When you request an explanation or clarification, however, it only furthers your understanding. Think of good questions as tools for making sense of the world around you.^[2]
   
   • If you're embarrassed to ask a question in front of others, consider doing it through an impersonal format like email, or wait for a time when you can do it privately.
   • Asking the right questions at the right time is a characteristic of strong leaders.^[3]
2. Have a clear purpose in mind. Before you pose a question, consider what you hope to gain by asking. Are you gathering information in order to make a critical decision, or looking for feedback on something you’ve done? Thinking about exactly what you want to accomplish will help you refine your line of questioning, which will in turn result in more satisfying answers.^[4]
   
   • Ask yourself, “What do I hope to learn by asking this question?” This will help you formulate the question more effectively.
3. Ask relevant and appropriate questions. There may be certain times when it’s better to keep your questions to yourself. It may be that the question could cause confusion or offense, or that the answer is something you could figure out on your own with the right context clues. Mull your question over carefully and consider what, if anything, it will add to the conversation.^[5]
   
   • If the question you’re about to ask is one you wouldn’t feel comfortable answering yourself, it might be better to let it go.
   • Redundant or obvious questions can distract from the big picture, and may make it seem like you’re not paying attention.
4. Ask the right person. Not everyone has the same feelings, experiences or expertise. If the answer you receive is to be of any use to you, it needs to come from an authoritative source. Address your question to someone who you think might be able to offer the insights you’re looking for, or who has a direct connection to the subject you’re inquiring about.^[6]
   
   • You wouldn’t ask your spouse how to treat acute bronchitis, just as you wouldn’t ask your doctor how you can be a better listener during arguments.
   • By directing your questions judiciously, you stand to make the discussion more enriching for both parties.

How to Ask an Effective Question

1. Ask the question as soon as it comes to you. It’s usually best to get your question out there while it’s still fresh on your mind. That way, you won’t forget it or feel bashful about asking later. You’ll also be given a chance to clarify key information before moving on to other concerns.
   
   • In most cases, you can simply raise your hand or wait for a pause in the conversation to fire off your question.
   • If you’re not in a position to ask a question immediately (such as late at night or in the middle of a presentation), make a note of it so you can bring it up the first chance you get.
2. Word your questions carefully. Ideally, they should be phrased in such a way that they point to the information you’re lacking. You might know what a thing is, but not how it works or why it’s important. How you frame the question can determine the kind of response you get.^[7]
   
   • Stay away from complicated jargon or overly technical terms. Aim to speak in a way that anyone can understand.
   • Avoid influencing your listener with your own judgments. Rather than asking, “Isn't David a great candidate?” try the more neutral, “What did you think of Mr. Miller's proposal?”^[8]
3. Keep it brief. Don’t use any more words than are strictly needed to articulate your question. If you ramble on at length or add lots of qualifications or other extraneous details, your listener can easily get bogged down. For the sake of clarity, each question should boil down to one central theme or idea.^[9]
   
   • If you need to touch on multiple points, do it in a follow up question.^[10]
   • In general, it’s best to stick with short sentences that don’t beat around the bush. Otherwise, your listener may be forced to guess at your meaning.
   • Even a question as difficult to unpack as, "How can we create a more tolerant society?" can be phrased in a simple, straightforward manner.
4. Listen attentively to the answer.^[11] As you’re receiving an answer, be respectful and focus on what the person is saying without interruption. Let them finish explaining themselves before you present a rebuttal or ask a related question. Any uncertainty you feel will likely be cleared up by their response.^[12]
   
   • Maintain eye contact, nod or offer a vocal agreement periodically to let the person know you’re listening.^[13]
   • Now is not the time to interject with doubts or opinions. After all, the whole point of asking was to find out something you don’t already know.
5. Ask follow up questions. The answer you receive may raise further questions, or it may hint at new information. Once you’ve asked your initial question, you can zoom in to get a clearer sense of the ideas that are being conveyed. Give the other person a chance to explain their viewpoint more thoroughly, or shift the discussion from stating facts to coming up with practical solutions.
   
   • It can be advantageous to approach the topic from different angles. If your first question is, “What is the biggest obstacle facing this project?,” the next one could be, “How can we resolve the issue quickly and efficiently?”^[14]
   • Narrow down subsequent questions as you deliver them—start by presenting an overview of the subject, then work your way into the nitty-gritty details.

Types of Questions to Ask Questions

1. Request specific information. When there’s something you need to know, asking directly is often the best way to find out. Your question might be as simple as, “What time is it?” or as complex as, “How is ribosomal RNA produced?”, but in either case, you’ll be better off once you ask.^[15]
   
   • Arriving at the right answer promptly will be most useful in situations where your ability to succeed depends on having all the facts, like when you’re studying for an exam or in need of directions.
   • Developing a habit of asking thoughtful questions every day is one of the first steps to becoming a lifelong learner.^[16]
2. Find out someone’s thoughts or opinions. Sometimes, our most striking ideas are the result of other people’s observations. Whenever you can, encourage your listener to give you their reading of a particular issue or event. Asking someone how they feel allows them to share their unique perspective, which could bring things to your attention that you hadn’t previously considered.^[17]
   
   • Asking inclusive questions that get the people around you involved and thinking is essential for building camaraderie, whether they’re a coworker or a casual acquaintance.^[18]
   • These types of questions also have a positive effect on relationships because they show that you care about what the other person has to say.
3. Ask open-ended questions. Try not to limit your questions to a set of prescribed options (“Is holistic medicine a good or bad thing?”). It’s better to keep them abstract to make room for a wider range of possible responses. Open-ended prompts are useful for sparking deep discussions that have the potential to lead to enlightening breakthroughs.^[19]
   
   • Whereas “Did you like my painting?” invites a simple “yes” or “no” response, “What did you think about the exhibit?” invites the listener to elaborate on their impressions freely.^[20]
   • Abstract questioning challenges listeners to draw their own conclusions rather than being guided toward a conventional answer.

Video

Tips

• Familiarize yourself with the six common question words (“who,” “what,” “when,” “where,” “why” and “how”) and use the one that’s most appropriate for the situation.
• Don’t be afraid to put your questions out there when they arise—the more you ask, the more you’ll learn.
• Be ready to accept answers with an open mind. If you’re stubborn or treat the answer with disinterest, you won’t benefit from what you’re being told.
• Assume you know less than you do. You may discover that you were misinformed about a certain subject.

Warnings

• Avoid asking questions that might be interpreted as rude or insulting. This is likely to alienate the listener, which will only hurt your chances of reaching a place of mutual understanding.

References

1. ↑ [v161440_b01]. 11 June 2020.
2. ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaellindenmayer/2013/06/18/ask-great-question-leadership-skills-of-socrates/#3d6002259879
3. ↑ https://bigthink.com/think-tank/want-to-lead-learn-to-ask-the-right-questions
4. ↑ https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/how-amazingly-good-asking-questions.html
5. ↑ https://www.thindifference.com/2016/07/ask-better-questions/
6. ↑ https://www.inc.com/kat-boogaard/5-mistakes-youre-making-when-asking-questions.html
7. ↑ https://www.dummies.com/careers/find-a-job/interviews/ten-tips-for-asking-good-questions/
8. ↑ https://www.inc.com/jeff-haden/5-ways-to-ask-the-perfect-question.html
9. ↑ https://www.inc.com/jeff-haden/5-ways-to-ask-the-perfect-question.html
10. ↑ https://www.dummies.com/careers/find-a-job/interviews/ten-tips-for-asking-good-questions/
11. ↑ [v161440_b01]. 11 June 2020.
12. ↑ https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/how-amazingly-good-asking-questions.html
13. ↑ https://www.mindtools.com/CommSkll/ActiveListening.htm
14. ↑ https://michaelhyatt.com/asking-more-powerful-questions.html
15. ↑ https://globaldigitalcitizen.org/ask-good-questions-infographic
16. ↑ https://trainingmag.com/how-become-lifelong-learner
17. ↑ https://michaelhyatt.com/asking-more-powerful-questions.html
18. ↑ https://www.fastcompany.com/3043487/how-to-ask-better-questions
19. ↑ https://www.dummies.com/careers/find-a-job/interviews/ten-tips-for-asking-good-questions/
20. ↑ https://www.thindifference.com/2016/07/ask-better-questions/

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How to Get Glowing Skin in Just One Week

Having clear, glowing skin can be a great boost to your confidence, but it doesn't always come naturally. Following a strict regime for a week including cleansing and moisturizing your face will help you achieve that glow, but proper skincare is so much more than just washing your face. Getting a glow and maintaining it involves much of your daily habits and keeping those in check will help you maintain radiant skin for a long time.

Steps

Determining Your Skin Type

1. Learn the basic skin types. There are five different types of skin: dry, oily, combination, normal, and sensitive, and it's important to know which one is yours before you begin treating your skin. Every skin type is treated differently, so learning how to treat yours will give you the most radiant glow.^[1]
   
2. Cleanse your skin. In order to test your skin to determine what type of skin you have, it's important to cleanse it with a mild cleanser to remove any excess dirt, makeup, and oils. Then, pat dry with a towel, but do not rub as you don't want to irritate your skin.^[2]
   
3. Press tissue paper or a napkin to the T zone. After you have cleansed and dried your skin, wait about 30 minutes, and then test the skin on your T zone. Taking tissue paper or a napkin, gently press down on your T zone, making sure the entire area makes contact with the paper.
   
   • The T zone includes your forehead and your nose. Picture making a T, with the top of the T above your eyebrows and the length of the T along your nose.
4. Examine the tissue. Remove the paper from your face and look at the dirt and oil left on it from your skin to determine your skin type. Here are some different things you might see:
   
   • Dry: Skin feels stretchy and taut, there are signs of flaky and dead skin after you've cleansed your face, and pores are small. With this skin type you'll need to take extra care in moisturizing it.
   • Oily: Shiny face and oil on the tissue, with large open pores. In order to achieve a glow with this face you'll need to keep the oil production down by using lighter products. You don't want your face to have a glow just from the oil!
   • Combination: The tissue will be oily because of the T zone, but your cheeks and other parts of your face may be normal or dry. This is a very common skin type and can be treated easily.
   • Normal: The tissue will have little oil and there will be no flakes of skin. This really just means that your face is healthy and produces an adequate amount of oil -- not too much, not too little. You'll still want to treat your face daily, though, to maintain its normalcy.
   • Sensitive: This won't necessarily show on your tissue, but it may show on your face after you've removed the tissue. Does your face look red or irritated? Do you often feel a burning sensation on your face after using facial care products? If this is the case, you likely have sensitive skin and will just need to take extra care when cleansing your face to make sure you don't use products that are too harsh on your skin.

Following CTM

1. Learn CTM (Cleansing, Toning, and Moisturizing) and stick to a daily routine. It's important that you follow this routine every day, because it provides your skin with the moisture and cleanliness it needs. Doing this in the morning will help kick start your day by giving you a fresh, clean face and then repeat the routine at night. ^[3]
   
   • People who have more sensitive skin or dry skin should only do this once per day, as cleansing your skin too much can dry it out even more and cause it to be more irritated. If you have dry skin, try following CTM in the morning and then removing your makeup and moisturizing your face at night before you go to bed.
   • Remember that exfoliating is also important. Exfoliate using a face scrub or an enzyme exfoliant two to three times a week for normal or oily skin, and one to two times a week for dry or sensitive skin.
2. Cleanse your face. Buy a soft, gentle cleanser to wash your face with each day. Start by rinsing your face with warm water to help lift dirt out of your skin, and then using a cleanser to remove oil and cleanse your face. Put the cleanser on your fingertips and gently rub onto your face and neck using circular motions and working out from the center of your face. Then, rinse with warm water and pat dry with a towel.^[4]
   
   • Make sure you get a cleanser suited for your skin type. When buying a cleanser there will often be information on the bottle explaining what type of skin type the cleanser is good for. You can also use natural facial cleansers that will probably be less irritating on your face.
   • A cream cleanser is more hydrating so it may feel more refreshing on your face and can be better if you have dry skin. However, you can also use a gel cleanser if you have more oily skin or want to remove makeup.
   • Always remove makeup before going to bed, even if you usually cleanse your face in the morning. Leaving any makeup on your face while you sleep will leave your face feeling more oily in the morning and can clog pores. You can use makeup remover or cleansing wipes to quickly remove any eye or face makeup.
3. Apply toner. Take a cotton ball and pour toner over it, or dip the cotton ball into the toner and then swipe on your T zone and other affected areas. If you have oily skin, toner is great for targeting those problem areas. ^[5]
   
   • If your skin is dry or sensitive, be careful when using toner so it doesn't dry out your skin even more and always test toner out on a small area to see how it affects your skin. Some toners may be stronger than others so you'll want to read the bottles and do some research on what toner is best for dry or sensitive skin.
4. Moisturize your skin. Once you have cleansed your face, you can apply moisturizer to keep your face hydrated and healthy. Moisturizers come in all different types so you should be able to find one suited for your skin. Even if you have oily skin you'll want to moisturize it-- just buy one that is lighter and specifically for oily skin. Buying a moisturizer with SPF is a great idea to prevent sun damage during the day.
   
5. Use eye cream. Because the area under your eye is the thinnest part of your skin, it lacks a lot of moisture. Pat a pea-sized amount of eye cream under your eye around the orbital bone and let the cream soak into your skin. This can also help if you have dark circles under your eyes, wrinkles, or eye puffiness. ^[6]
   

Monitoring Your Lifestyle Habits

1. Think about the stressors in your life. Are you feeling overwhelmed, overworked, or stressed out over something? Stress can cause an increase in acne, so monitor those things that are making you feel overwhelmed and try to find a way to cut them out of your life or reduce their impact to better your health.
   
   • When you are stressed your body releases stress hormones including cortisol, which triggers an increase in skin's oil production, leading to increased acne. ^[7]
   • Stress may cause you to make involuntary muscle contractions that can lead to the formation of wrinkles and frown lines. While this can be treated with Botox or other medical procedures, it is best to keep your stress levels to a minimum.
   • Getting adequate sleep can also lower stress levels. When you lose an hour of sleep your risk of psychological stress increases by 14%. Imagine losing four hours of sleep in one night--- that increases your chances by over 50%! Try to aim for seven hours of sleep so that you don't run the risk of developing acne from stress related to inadequate rest. ^[8]
2. Avoid unhealthy foods. Your diet is one of the most important parts of keeping clean skin. If you are eating a lot of fatty, greasy foods, or junk food, your skin is going to react to that food and be prone to more breakouts. Pay attention to the type of food you have been eating and see if it correlates to your breakouts on your face.^[9]
   
   • A diet that is high in refined sugars, also known as a high glycemic index diet, can also cause breakouts, so read nutritional labels and try to avoid foods that are high in these sugars.^[10]
3. Eat foods high in antioxidants, vitamins, and other good nutrients. Although there are a lot of foods that worsen your skin, there are also a lot of foods that can benefit your skin, giving it the proper nutrients that it needs to maintain hydration and stay healthy. Some great things to focus on when choosing foods for your diet are:^[11]
   
   • Selenium -- It's a mineral that helps protect your skin from gaining free radicals that can cause wrinkling, dryness, and some diseases. You can find these minerals in foods like Brazilian nuts, shrimp, lamb, tuna, salmon, whole wheat pasta, light turkey, and cooked beef.
   • Antioxidants--These also prevent free radicals from entering your body. Colorful fruits and vegetables like berries, tomatoes, spinach, beets, squash, and sweet potatoes all have antioxidants.
   • CoQ10 -- This is a key antioxidant that decreases in your body as you get older. You can find this in salmon, tuna, poultry, liver, and whole grains. Some skincare products also contain this to prevent wrinkles.
   • Vitamin A -- This prevents dry, flaky skin and can be found in carrots, cantaloupes, and oranges along with leafy greens, eggs, and low-fat dairy foods. You can also purchase prescription acne products that contain Vitamin A called retinoids that will help treat wrinkles and brown spots.
   • Vitamin C -- This helps protect you from the sun and prevent sun damage.^[12] Find this vitamin in citrus fruits, red bell peppers, papayas, kiwis, broccoli, and brussels sprouts.
   • Vitamin E -- This is another antioxidant that can help save your skin from sun damage and prevent inflammation. Eat foods like nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, olives, spinach, asparagus, and leafy greens to obtain this vitamin.
   • Healthy fats -- Yes, some fats are good for you! Look for Omega-3s and Omega-6s to help create your skin's natural oil barrier, which keeps away dryness and blemishes while also making your skin look younger and smoother. You can find these fatty acids in olive and canola oils, flaxseeds, walnuts, and cold-water fish like salmon, sardines, and mackerel.
   • Green tea -- This is considered a "magic potion" for your skin because it can help stop inflammation, slow DNA damage, and prevent sun damage.
4. Drink lots of water. Water is so important for your health for so many reasons, and drinking enough water during the day will give your skin that hydrated glow. Increase your water intake to eight glasses a day to help rid your body and skin of toxins.^[13]
   
   • Just like any organ in your body, the skin is made up of cells that, without water, will not function properly. Skin is one of the last organs to be reached by water you have drunk, so make sure you drink an adequate amount so that it hydrates your skin. ^[14]
5. Exercise frequently. Exercising on a regular basis not only helps decrease stress levels, but it also increases your blood circulation which sends more oxygen to your skin cells and carries cell waste away. Keep in mind that sweat can cause breakouts, so make sure you practice proper hygiene after your workout.^[15]
   
6. Use sunscreen.^[16] This cannot be stressed enough. One of the greatest ways to damage your skin is through overexposure to the sun. You may think you're getting that "natural glow" by tanning, but exposure to the sun without protecting your skin increases your risk of skin cancer and can create sunspots on your skin as well as make your acne worse through the inflammation of a sunburn. ^[17]
   
   • Anytime you go outside, put sunscreen on. Sunscreens are made for different skin types as well, so if you have oily skin, find a lighter sunscreen with ingredients like avobenzone, oxybenzone, methoxycinnamate, octocrylene, and zinc oxide. You can also search for a label that says noncomedogenic, which means it won't clog your pores.^[18]
7. Avoid touching your face. This may seem silly, but acne can be triggered by the oils on your hands. Throughout the day, pay attention to where you place your hands. Are you resting your chin or cheek in your palm? Are you constantly picking at blemishes on your skin or swiping your hair out of your face? All of these things contribute to the oil on your face, which in excess can lead to more acne.
   
   • Your cell phone also carries a lot of germs and oils that can easily attach to your face. The heat produced by your cell phone can multiply bacteria and when you put it to your face to talk on the phone you are being exposed to much of that bacteria. Get into the practice of cleaning your phone with a wipe or hand sanitizer once a day. ^[19]

Wearing Makeup

1. Even out your skin tone. Many people have skin that's discolored or splotchy, so evening out your skin tone to remove redness is an important step to achieve a healthy glow. Apply a tinted moisturizer, blending it in evenly over your skin. Make sure you use one that is similar to your skin tone (you don't want to use one that is bronze if you have ivory skin) and don't cake it on. Look for a tone correcting moisturizer that is relatively sheer.^[20]
   
   • If your skin tone is between two shades, choose the shade slightly lighter than your skin.
2. Apply concealer. Use a concealer slightly lighter than your skin. This will help cover blemishes, redness, and dark circles. Dab small amounts on your problem areas and blend in lightly with your finger. Applying this under your eyes to lighten them up and cover any puffiness or dark circles or anywhere you have redness or uneven skin tone is also a good use of the concealer.
   
   • Make sure to use just the right amount. If you use too much concealer and don't rub it in well, you will only draw attention to your blemishes. On the other hand, if you use too little, you won't be able to cover up your blemishes or problem areas adequately.
3. Brush on a bronzer. Choose a bronzer that is a shade or two darker than your skin tone, and using a kabuki brush, dust your face with the bronzer and then your neck and chest to blend. Dip the brush in the bronzer, tap off excess bronzer, and use circular motions to apply.
   
   • A kabuki brush can be found at most drug stores in the cosmetic section. It has a dome-shaped head for wide, even coverage with short, dense bristles.
4. Add a pop of color. To create a glow on your cheeks, choose a light pink or peachy blush and brush along your cheekbones. Smile in the mirror and applying to the apples of your cheeks, blend the blush towards your temples, only using enough that it creates a small glow. Blush helps prevent your face from looking too flat.
   
5. Apply a cream highlighter. This step is optional, but it can help highlight the contour of your face and creates a pearly radiance. Swipe the cream highlighter on the cheekbones, the tip of your nose, the cupid's bow (the center of your upper lip where it creates a concave), and along the arch of your brow. Then blend with your fingertips to make the highlights look natural. ^[21]
   
6. Admire the results. Once you have finished your makeup, look at yourself in the mirror, and admire your natural glow! This makeup style is supposed to look very natural, as if you aren't wearing any makeup, so if your makeup is visibly noticeable you might consider going a little lighter.
   

What Procedures Can Brighten Skin Complexion?

Video

Reader Videos

Tips

• Changes hardly happen overnight, so be patient in this process and continue to create good habits. Be persistent and constant. Creating good habits like these takes time and consistency, so if you skip an entire week it may be hard to get back on track.
• Sometimes a simple soap bar is good for cleansing, especially if you are reacting negatively to other products.
• If your acne is very bad, visit a dermatologist who might be able to give you other suggestions or prescribe you specific medicine.
• Wash your sheets regularly so that oil doesn't build up too much on your pillowcases.

Warnings

• Never pick at your pimples. This can create scars and you're adding to the oil already on your face by touching it.
• If you find that you're using facial cleansing products but still breaking out, the products may contain harsh chemicals that are irritating your face. Try switching to another product, and you also may try only washing your face with the cleanser once a day.

Related wikiHows

• Get Beautiful, Glowing Skin
• Get Healthy, Glowing Skin (Men)
• Have Flawless Skin in a Week
• Make Your Skin Glow in Minutes

References

Quick Summary

1. ↑ https://www.siumed.org/blog/how-determine-your-skin-type-and-why-it-matters
2. ↑ https://www.thewomens.org.au/health-information/staying-well/tips-for-staying-well/caring-for-your-skin
3. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/routine/healthier-looking-skin
4. ↑ https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/skin-tips.html
5. ↑ https://www.gundersenhealth.org/health-wellness/aging-well/why-you-should-add-toner-to-your-skincare-routine
6. ↑ https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/do-you-really-need-a-skin-care-routine
7. ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159123003768#:~:text=Stress%20can%20also%20affect%20the,dermatitis%2C%20acne%2C%20and%20urticaria
8. ↑ https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2013/sleep
9. ↑ https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/go-red-get-fit/unhealthy-foods
10. ↑ https://skinhealthinstitute.org.au/healthy-skin-guide/nutrition-for-healthy-skin/
11. ↑ https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/antioxidants
12. ↑ [v161454_b01]. 2 July 2020.
13. ↑ https://www.uwhealth.org/services/cosmetic-surgery
14. ↑ https://accesshealthla.org/top-5-benefits-drinking-water/
15. ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html
16. ↑ [v161454_b01]. 2 July 2020.
17. ↑ https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/sunscreen-and-your-morning-routine
18. ↑ https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/causes-and-prevention/sun-safety/about-sunscreen
19. ↑ https://dermnetnz.org/topics/acne-vulgaris
20. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HT1-vp71mW4
21. ↑ https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/the-truth-about-exercise-addiction/201606/the-surprising-psychology-behind-makeup

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How to Become a Clinical Psychologist

Clinical psychologists assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Individual clinical psychologists can approach this either by researching methods and their efficacy or putting methods into clinical practice by treating and counseling patients. In either case, the road to becoming a clinical psychologist is a long and hard one, and only the most dedicated students succeed. Graduate programs in clinical psychology are competitive and accept only the best of the best. You must make it through one of these programs and get through another two years of training before you can become a licensed clinical psychologist.

Steps

Getting the Right High School & Undergraduate Education

1. Finish your high school courses with at least a 3.0 GPA. To get into a good undergraduate psychology program, you'll need an impressive GPA in high school. Take any psychology classes offered at your school to get a feel for what clinical psychology is all about.
   
   • Ask the instructor of any psychology classes at your school about the differences in clinical social work, counseling psychology, psychiatry, and clinical psychology, so you can begin deciding which branch of the mental health profession is the right fit for you.
   • If your high school has a psychology club, this will also help with college applications as well as continuing to familiarize you with the discipline.
   • While you can still get into many colleges with a lower GPA, you’re likely to have more prestigious options, which in turn will help with graduate school programs.
2. Enroll in an undergraduate psychology program at an accredited university of your choice. Most programs offer general psychology degrees without any kind of specialty until you get to graduate school. Ace your psychology courses and maintain your high GPA.
   
   • As an undergraduate psychology student, you can expect to study introductory courses, as well as courses heavy of statistical data and research methods. From there, you will additionally choose from upper-division courses that give you overviews of social, developmental, abnormal, and comparative psychology, which will help you in choosing a specific focus for graduate school.^[1]
   • If your university offers any type of honors courses track in the psychology department, consider taking those as they’ll help distinguish your graduate school applications.
   • Your school may offer either a BA or a BS in psychology for undergraduates. Neither is more advantageous than the other when it comes to graduate school. The important thing is simply to do well.
3. Participate in research projects, internships, and teaching assistant programs as much as possible. Check with your advising office or the psychology department to find out what opportunities are available for you. Since clinical psychology graduate programs are competitive, get as much experience under your belt as you can.
   
4. Join psychology clubs and stay active with them. This can go on your resume, and programs for clinical psychologists usually require that a resume be submitted with your application.
   

Pursuing Master’s and Doctoral Programs

1. Weigh master’s programs in clinical psychology. The master’s degree level is where you are likely to begin seeing specialization come into play. If you already know the area you want to specialize in, look for programs that offer a degree in that specialization. You may seek out a program in developmental, environmental, counseling, or forensic psychology, for instance.^[2]
   
   • You may choose to stay at the same school or find another one with a program you like better. Check all the admissions requirements and make sure you will meet them once you graduate. You should start your search about a year before you graduate with your undergraduate psychology degree.
   • Don’t fret if you decide to pursue a graduate program in clinical psychology after nearly completing (or even fully completing) an undergraduate degree in another field. Though all programs require an undergraduate degree, many only require one or possibly two semesters of introductory, research, and statistical courses in psychology.^[3] Though, a degree in psychology obviously doesn’t hurt to prove you’re serious about the discipline.
   • Apply to any programs that appeal to you. Since the programs are so competitive, you should apply to several to help your odds of being accepted to one. Submit everything that the school asks for by the deadline. You may have to take the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) before you can submit your application.
   • Studies have shown that students applying to doctoral programs who have already completed master’s degrees are more likely to finish, so many doctoral programs will consider you a more qualified candidate if you complete a master’s degree before applying.^[4]
2. Study hard once you enter your clinical psychology graduate program. Collaborate with your professors throughout this time and start preparing your thesis well before you graduate.
   
   • For those who may be considering the jobs outlook for a master’s degree in psychology alone, be aware that American Psychological Association (APA) policy and all state licensing laws reserve the classification of “psychologist” for those who have completed a doctoral program.^[5] There are niches for master’s graduates in psychology. For instance, a Master’s in Industrial/Organizational Psychology, but this niche mostly relates to HR departments for large companies rather than work as a clinical or research psychologist.^[6]
3. Apply to doctoral programs. By this time, you will absolutely have a specialization in mind, and you’ll need to seek a program that relates to that specialization. This will also require a choice between a traditional Ph.D. program or one of the newer Psy.D. programs.^[7] Traditional programs are easier to find at public institutions but are highly competitive. Make sure the program is accredited by the APA, since this is often a requirement for state licensure.^[8] You will additionally have to look into whether the program leans more heavily toward clinical/counseling or research/academic in its methodologies. You may, for instance, find a program in abnormal psychology, which is your specialization, but the program may be focused on finding new methods to treat disorders (research work) whereas you are focused on treating those with disorders (clinical work) as your career path.
   
   • Whereas a Ph.D. will place an equal emphasis on research work as well as clinical work, a Psy.D. will place an increased emphasis on clinical work and less on research.^[9] Due to this, you should mostly consider a Psy.D. if your intention is to go into clinical practice such as counseling, designing treatment programs for institutions, etc. where you will work hands on to treat patients. A Ph.D. is still better suited to someone who wants to pursue research and academic work in the field of clinical psychology.^[10][11]
   • As a side note, those graduating with a Psy.D. tend to score lower on the national licensing test, the Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology, than do those with a Ph.D.
   • Your doctoral program will consist of even more specialized training depending on your focus. Based on your interest and specialization, you may work exhaustively in learning to treat specific conditions ranging from phobias to schizophrenia. You may specialize in post-traumatic stress disorders. You may also focus on the best methods for treating specific populations whether it be youths, couples or families, ethnic minority groups, or members of the LGBTQ community.^[12]
   • Some programs may not transfer master’s-level coursework from any institution other than their own, so keep this in mind when deciding where to apply since certain programs may require repeating similar courses.^[13]
4. Commit to and work hard in your doctoral program. You can expect to spend anywhere from five-to-seven years completing your doctoral degree, though there may be overlapping courses that transfer from your master’s work to decrease this total time.^[14]
   
   • Doctoral candidates in the field of clinical psychology must usually write and defend a dissertation before completing their studies; however, select institutions that offer a Psy.D. may require a full-scale project such as designing a treatment program.^[15]
   • Your program will also likely require a one-year internship in your specialization. APA-accredited institutions are required to provide student-to-internship placement information, so keep this in mind as well.^[16]

Completing Post-Doctoral Training and Licensing

1. Complete post-doctoral training with a licensed clinical psychologist. Before you can even apply to a state board for licensing, you must complete two years of supervised, professional experience.^[17] Use this time to learn from your supervisor and hone your techniques. You will need to know how to do counseling, give psychological tests, perform assessments for mental disorders and help people in crises.
   
2. Submit the application for a state clinical psychology license. In addition to an application and associated fees, some states may also require a test to obtain your license.
   
   • A review board will go over your application at length before granting you a license. The specific requirements are determined on a state-by-state basis, and you can find more information regarding your specific state here: Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards
3. Set up your new practice or discuss staying at your post-doctoral supervisor's practice. If you're already working at a practice or research institution you're invested in and passionate about, then you can discuss a permanent position there. However, if you're interested in beginning your own private practice, then you can consult How to Start a Private Practice in Psychology for more information. Regardless, you are now a licensed clinical psychologist. Congratulations!
   

Related wikiHows

• Start a Private Practice in Psychology

References

Quick Summary

1. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
2. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
3. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
4. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
5. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
6. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
7. ↑ [v161619_b01]. 5 March 2021.
8. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
9. ↑ https://www.guidetopsychology.com/be_psy.htm#3
10. ↑ https://www.guidetopsychology.com/be_psy.htm#3
11. ↑ [v161619_b01]. 5 March 2021.
12. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
13. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
14. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
15. ↑ https://www.guidetopsychology.com/be_psy.htm#3
16. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx
17. ↑ https://www.apa.org/careers/resources/guides/careers.aspx

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