How to Check a Computer IP Address

Easy ways to find out your PC or Mac's IP address

If you need to check your computer's IP address, there are a few easy ways to do it. If you need your external (public) IP address, which identifies your computer on the internet, you can find it quickly using Google. To see your local (private) IP address, you can run a quick command in the Windows Command Prompt or check your Mac's Network settings. This wikiHow guide will walk you through the simple steps of finding your computer's IP address on any PC or Mac.

[Edit]Things You Should Know

• Find your public IP address by searching for "What's my IP address?" in Google.
• To find your local IP address on Windows, open the Command Prompt, type "ipconfig," and press Enter.
• To find your local IP address on a Mac, open System Settings, select Network, choose your network, and click "Details."

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Using Google (Public IP Address) PC or Mac

1. Type "What's my IP address?" into Google. This is the quickest way to find the IP address that identifies you to the outside world, also known as your public IP address. Once you press Enter or Return, you'll see your IP address at the top of the page.
   
   • In most cases, all of the devices on your home or office network will appear to have the same public IP addresses. This is because most home and small office routers automatically assign private IP addresses to all of the devices on the network so they can communicate with each other.

[Edit]Local (private) IP Address on a Windows PC

1. Press the Windows key on your keyboard. This opens the Start menu and activates the Windows search bar.
   
   • This method will help you find your local (private) IP address on Windows 10 and 11, as well as older versions like Windows 7 & 8.
2. Type into the search bar and click . This opens the Command Prompt window.
   
3. Type and press . This command displays your IP configuration, including your local (private) IP address.
   
4. Find your IP address. You'll see your computer's IP address next to "IPv4 Address" in the section for your connection.
   
   • For example, if you have a wireless internet connection, your IP address will appear under "Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi" or similar.
   • If your local network uses IPv6, the address next to "Link-local IPv6 address" is your IPv6 IP address.
   • The IP address that appears next to "Default Gateway" is your router's IP address, which is helpful if you need to connect to your router to change your Wi-Fi password or do other administrative tasks.

[Edit]Local (private) IP Address on a Mac

1. Open your Mac's System Settings. You can get there by clicking the Apple menu at the top-left corner of the screen and selecting System Settings.
   
   • System Settings is only available on macOS Ventura and later. If you're using macOS Monterey or earlier, click the Apple menu and select System Preferences instead.
   • This method will display your local (private) IP address, which is the IP address that identifies your Mac on your local network. This address is usually different from your public IP address, which is the address that identifies your Mac (and other devices on your network) on the internet.
2. Click . On macOS Ventura and later, you'll see this in the left panel.
   
   • On earlier Mac versions, click the Network globe icon in the System Preferences window.
3. Select your network. If you're connected wirelessly, click the Wi-Fi option. Or, if using a wired connection, select your Ethernet connection.
   
   • If you're using macOS Monterey or earlier, you'll see your IP address in the panel. If you're using Wi-Fi, it'll appear under "Status: Connected." For wired, you'll see the address next to "IP Address" below the status.
4. Click . If you're using macOS Monterey or earlier, you can skip this step, as you'll already see your IP address on this window. On Ventura and later, click the button near the top of the window.
   
5. Find your IP address. Your IP address appears next to "IPv4 Address" or "IPv6 Address" near the top of the TCP/IP tab.
   
   • Your router's IP address is just below your computer's IP address next to "Router."
   • You can also see your Mac's IP address by running the command in a Terminal window.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Related wikiHows

• Trace an IP Address
• Change Your IP Address (Windows)
• Ping an IP Address

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How to Tile a Shower

An in-depth guide to tiling a shower wall

Ready to upgrade your bathroom space? A freshly-tiled shower adds beauty and durability to any bathroom—and the best part is, you can do it all on your own. Whether you have contractor experience or you’re just an avid DIYer, with the right products and techniques, you can create a beautiful, leak-proof shower with the tiles of your dreams. For all the tips and product recommendations you’ll need, read on.

[Edit]Things You Should Know

• Remove old tiles from the shower. Then, put up a vapor barrier and a cement board barrier and paint it with water resistant primer.
• Plan out your tile pattern before you start. Create a grid by marking vertical and horizontal lines, using a level and a straight edge as a guide.
• Use thin-set mortar mix to apply your tiles. Start in the center and move outward, and cut any tiles to fit into the edge spaces.
• Apply grout once the tiles have set, then seal and caulk around the edges.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Preparing the Shower for Tiles

1. Remove the old tile from the walls. If you’re working on an existing shower, demolition is the first step. Turn off the water and the power to the bathroom before you start. When you’re done tiling, you can turn both back on. Cover the doors and windows with plastic, and put a drop cloth on the floor. Wear a ventilated mask, and use a hammer and chisel to break the tiles apart and throw them away. Go from the top down to make quick work of your old tiles.^[1]
   
   
   • If your shower isn’t tiled, remove the existing material or shower surround, instead.
   • Remove the backing board behind the tile with a crowbar. When you’re done, you should see insulation and studs.
   • If you’re working on a brand new shower, you don’t need to do any demo. Make sure you’ve installed a shower pan or bathtub before tiling the shower. If you’re planning on tiling the shower floor, you don’t need a shower pan.
2. Install a vapor barrier on the shower walls. Roll the plastic barrier onto the entire shower wall, then use a staple gun to staple the barrier to the studs. Trim off any excess so the barrier fits neatly inside the shower walls.^[2]
   
   
   • If you fail to install a vapor barrier, you might grow mold and mildew as moisture from your shower escapes through the tiles and into walls.^[3]
3. Put up a sturdy cement board backer. Measure your shower walls, then cut the cement backer to fit from top to bottom. Screw the board to the studs, leaving a gap between the panels and the shower pan. That way, the backer and the shower pan won’t squeak when they rub together.^[4]
   
   
   • Be sure to cut out any notches for your shower head and handles using a saw or a box cutter.
   • Putting up cement board is just like putting up drywall.
   • Apply 100% silicone caulk behind the board on the studs and also use it to seal the seams between the panels. Add some seam tape between the panels as well.
4. Add seam tape and mortar to the edge of the backer board. If there’s a gap between the backer board and the wallboard, add seam tape to seal it up. Then, apply thin-set mortar with a putty knife to make a smooth, continuous wall with no gaps.^[5]
   
   
   • Keep this seam tight. Aim for a gap of 3/16” or smaller.
5. Paint a water resistant primer over the backer board. A primer will help keep moisture from building up in your walls and rotting your shower. Use a paint roller to spread a thin layer of primer over all of the shower walls, then let it dry completely.^[6]
   
   
   • Use a paint brush to get into nooks and crannies, too.

[Edit]Laying the Tiles

1. Mark the vertical and horizontal layout of your tile. Planning out your tile will ensure you work in a straight, even pattern. Measure 1 of your tiles, then mark the center of each wall. Start in the center and carefully mark each tile in 1 vertical and 1 horizontal line. Use a level to ensure your line is straight, and leave 1/2“ in between each tile to account for the grout joints.^[7]
   
   
   • Your shower pan may not be totally level, so don’t use it as a straight edge guide.
   • You can either use a pencil to mark out your lines, or you can nail a board to the wall and use it as a straight guide.
   • Ceramic tile, porcelain tile, and quarry tile are best for shower walls.
   • Planning to tile the shower floor? Make sure you use floor tiles, not wall tiles. Then, continue your tile pattern down to the floor.
2. Mix enough thin-set mortar for the bottom row. Pour thin-set into a 5-gallon bucket, then add water according to the instructions on the package. Use an electric drill and a mortar mixing bit to mix the mortar until it’s the consistency of peanut butter.^[8]
   
   
   • Keep an eye on the consistency of your thin-set. If it’s too thick, it might dry out, and if it’s too thin, it will have a hard time setting.
   • Do not use mastic as the adhesive for tile in a shower or a tub surround, as it will allow mold to grow.^[9]
3. Spread thin-set onto 1 horizontal row. Use a notched trowel to pick the thin-set up out of the bucket. Spread it onto the wall in an upwards motion, using the notches to thin it out. Cover 1 horizontal row of the shower wall.^[10]
   
   • Spread the thin-set onto the wall about thick.
4. Set the first tile in the middle of the wall. This will create a pleasant visual effect and allow each tile that is placed beside it on either side seem centered. Press the tile onto the thin-set, then apply pressure to make it stick. Use your straight line as a guide to ensure your tiles are even.^[11]
   
   
5. Add spacers in between each tile. Spacers will leave you identifiable grout lines between tiles. Before adding any more tiles, place small 1/16" or 1/8" spacers on the x and y axis of each tile. Add shims or small spacers beneath the bottom row of tiles to leave space between the shower pan and the tile.^[12]
   
   
   • Small pieces of cardboard work great as makeshift shims between your tile and shower pan. After the mortar is set, you can simply remove these shims and caulk between the lip of the pan and the bottom of the tile.
6. Continue laying tile in a horizontal line. Keep using your straight edge as a guide, placing tiles next to each other with spacers in between each tile. Finish 1 horizontal row before moving on.^[13]
   
   • If you are tiling your shower floor as well, switch to floor tiles as soon as you reach the floor. Apply the tiles using mortar and spacers the same way that you put them on the wall.
7. Cut tiles to fit in the corners and edges. As you get close to the edge of your shower wall, you’ll probably find that at least 1 of the tiles doesn’t fit neatly into the space left. When that happens, measure the open space, then cut the tile with a glass cutter or a manual tile cutter.^[14]
   
   • You can also cut tile with a wet saw, if you have one.
   • Use the same tools to cut notches for your shower head and handles.
8. Keep adding new rows of tile. Use a level to make sure your original row is straight, then add more thin-set to the next row and keep tiling. Continue going up until you reach the top of the shower stall.^[15]
   
   
   • Make sure to measure every third or fourth row to ensure that you have an even grout line. If you don’t, gently pry the tile off and try again.
9. Let the tile set for 48 hours. This will make sure that the mortar has adhered properly to both the tile backing and the cement board backer. Try not to move or adjust the tiles, since this could disrupt the drying process.^[16]
   
   

[Edit]Grouting and Caulking

1. Remove the spacers. Since your tiles are set now, you don’t need your spacers anymore. Gently remove the spacers from the tiles and throw them away.^[17]
   
2. Apply grout to the tiles in sections. Mix up a batch of grout, then let it rest for about 5 minutes. Wet the tiles with a damp sponge, then use a grout float (a flat trowel) to press the grout into the spaces between the tiles. Add grout to all the spaces in between each tile in a section.^[18]
   
   
   • It’s important to work in small sections so that the grout doesn’t dry on the tiles.
   • Grouting a shower wall is similar to grouting a tile floor.
3. Wipe excess grout off the tiles in sections. When you’re done grouting an area, you’ll notice that there’s a lot of excess grout on your tiles. Use a damp sponge to go over the tiles, lightly removing all the grout from the outside of the tiles.^[19] Then, keep going in sections over the entire wall.
   
   • The tiles may look a bit hazy even after wiping, so you may have to buff them with a clean sponge to get rid of this haze.
4. Let the grout cure for 3 days, then seal it. Run a thin bead of liquid grout onto every grout line and wipe away. Let it dry, then drop water onto the sealed grout to test its water resistance. Correctly sealed grout will cause the water to bead up on top of it.^[20]
   
   
   • Sealer isn’t strictly necessary, but it will extend the grout’s lifespan and make your shower more resistant to mold and mildew.
5. Caulk the seams around the shower pan. Make sure to use a grout caulk to match the colors of your existing grout. As you caulk, remember to pull the caulk gun relatively quickly across the joint. Most amateurs caulk too slow and end up dropping too much caulk down on the joint. Other things to remember:^[21]
   
   
   • Keep the tip angled as you run the bead along the joint.
   • Match the speed with which you pull the caulk gun trigger with the rate at which you pull the gun along the joint. You don't want to be pulling the gun fast but triggering slowly, or vice versa.
   • After applying the bead of caulk, "bed" it by running a damp finger across the bead with light pressure.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

• Use wall tiles for shower walls, and floor tiles for shower floors. Wall tiles are not strong enough to support body weight, and over time, they could crack if they’re on the floor.

[Edit]Warnings

• Don’t let grout dry on your tiles before wiping them down. Grout is very hard to remove after about 20 minutes, and it can discolor and stain tiles.

[Edit]Things You’ll Need

• Hammer
• Chisel
• Ventilated mask
• Vapor barrier
• Staple gun
• Backer board
• Seam tape
• Thin-set mortar mix
• Water resistant primer
• Level
• Drill and mortar mixing bit
• Spacers
• Grout
• Liquid grout
• Grout caulk

[Edit]Related wikiHows

• Install a Shower Pan
• Lay a Ceramic or Porcelain Tile Floor
• Remove Latex Rubber Carpet and Tile Adhesive from a Cement Floor
• Caulk a Bathtub
• Do Tile Painting

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

1. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWM98Dnf8rU&t=298s
2. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkJFpocRj8s&t=86s
3. ↑ [v161452_b01]. 1 July 2020.
4. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsubb1HuLks&t=544s
5. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsubb1HuLks&t=976s
6. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsubb1HuLks&t=1488s
7. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BR_xpYEZ6iQ&t=223s
8. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BR_xpYEZ6iQ&t=339s
9. ↑ [v161452_b01]. 1 July 2020.
10. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXXSzl6z2qs&t=544s
11. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXXSzl6z2qs&t=559s
12. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rgBFLqOAgw&t=703s
13. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXXSzl6z2qs&t=579s
14. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BR_xpYEZ6iQ&t=597s
15. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXXSzl6z2qs&t=619s
16. ↑ https://cdnmedia.mapei.com/docs/librariesprovider10/line-technical-documentation-documents/tiling-and-grouting-instructions---reference-guide.pdf?sfvrsn=e07bd9aa_4
17. ↑ [v161452_b01]. 1 July 2020.
18. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-grout-tile/
19. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-grout-tile/
20. ↑ https://cdnmedia.mapei.com/docs/librariesprovider10/line-technical-documentation-documents/tiling-and-grouting-instructions---reference-guide.pdf?sfvrsn=e07bd9aa_4
21. ↑ https://cdnmedia.mapei.com/docs/librariesprovider10/line-technical-documentation-documents/tiling-and-grouting-instructions---reference-guide.pdf?sfvrsn=e07bd9aa_4

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How to Become a Pilot

Becoming a pilot takes years of education, training, and licensure. Preparing early will help you know what to expect and plan out your career map beforehand. For the best-paying piloting careers, you will need at least ten years of experience to qualify. Work hard and practice often to meet the requirements for a piloting career.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Gaining Education

1. Graduate high school. To enter flight school in the U.S. (and likely elsewhere, such as Australia), you will need your high school diploma. Study hard in school, and consider taking physics or mathematics courses to prepare early. If you do not have your high school diploma, earn a General Education Development (GED) certificate.^[1]
   
   • Some flight instructors offer flying courses to teenagers as young as 16. Call local flight instructors to ask what their policies are. You may be able to get a head start in your training.^[2]
2. Consider joining the military. If you're on the fence about serving, joining the military can be a great way for you to receive flying lessons and gain hours. In the United States, the Air Force, Navy, National Guard, and Coast Guard offer flight training. Once you return to civilian life, you will already have flying hours under your belt.
   
   • To join the U.S. military, you must be at least 18 years old. If you are 17, you may join with parental consent.^[3]
3. Complete your bachelor's degree in aviation or a related discipline. Although not required for every pilot job, most flight schools or employers prefer that an applicant has completed four years of college education. Some colleges offer degrees in aeronautics or aviation. If yours does not, pursue a degree in engineering, mathematics, or physics.^[4]
   
   • Take liberal arts or humanities courses while you're in college. Flight school admissions offices look for applicants with balanced education.
4. Take flight training classes. If your college degree did not involve aviation, you will need to take flight classes from an instructor certified with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The FAA recommends that pilots do not apply for licensure until they have gained enough experience to complete a cross-country flight solo.^[5]
   
   • Be aware that licensure requires significant experience and that you will be more likely to pass with extensive training.^[6]
5. Go to flight school. There are two major types of flight school: Part 61 training and Part 141 training. Part 61 is the most common type: it is flexible, adjusted by instructors to fit personal needs, and allows you to go at your own pace. Part 141 training is structured and goes at a faster pace, and the lesson plans are more detailed.
   

[Edit]Getting Licensed

1. Get your medical certificate. Passing a physical examination requires several parts. First, you will need to fill out an online application and answer information about your demographics and medical history. Then, you will need to visit a doctor who can validate your physical health in multiple aspects (including height/weight, vision, mental health, and other areas).^[7]
   
   • You will have a choice between applying for a first class, second class, or third class medical examination. First class is required for future airline pilots. Second class is required for commercial pilots. Third class is the least restrictive and is required for student licensure.
   • If you don't pass your physical examination, all is not lost. You may be able to fix it with treatment. For example, deaf pilots can obtain aircraft certification with an exemption for flights requiring radio communication.^[8] People with other disabilities may be eligible for restricted licensure.
2. Get your student pilot license. After you have received your medical certificate, you can qualify for a student pilot license. This will allow you to fly in less restrictive situations with your instructor and work towards full licensure.
   
   • Student pilots must be able to read, write, and understand English to answer radio calls from fellow pilots. If English is your second language, learn the language thoroughly before you apply.
3. Gain flying hours. To earn a license, a pilot-in-training needs to earn at least 250 hours of flight time. You can log these hours via flight school, military training, or practicing with an FAA-certified instructor.
   
   • After you gain your license, you will need additional flying hours before you are qualified for more pilot jobs (like working at a commercial airline). Many pilots work as flight instructors to gain more flying hours after graduation.
4. Pass the written exam. To become a licensed pilot, you will need to pass a written exam that includes safety information and a skills test. Your written exam will be observed by an FAA-certified instructor. Study beforehand and get plenty of sleep the night before so you're prepared when your test date comes.
   
5. Pursue further certification. Depending on your goals as a pilot, you may want further certification to qualify you for certain jobs. The FAA offers certification in a variety of areas, such as flight instructor certification or multi-engine plane certifications. U.S. Military pilots are given an aviator badge that signifies special certification and ranking.
   

[Edit]Finding Employment

1. Seek a variety of job opportunities. A broad variety of jobs are available for flight school graduates, depending on how many flight hours you've completed. You can work for emergency services, air shows, firefighting or forestry organizations, or as a flight instructor while you're gaining your hours.
   
   • Different pilot jobs will require more or less hours and experience. If you know what kind of pilot job you want, know the requirements and qualifications needed to obtain that job.
   • Some pilots also take engineering jobs with airlines. If you're interested, study engineering as an undergraduate to gain relevant knowledge. You will also need to get a separate engineering license to work with commercial airlines.
2. Consider employment with the military. There are over 150 flying careers available in the U.S. Air Force, with each requiring different enlistment qualifications. Take the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) to know which careers you're qualified for.^[9]
   
   • If you're in a hurry to find a job, ask to be put on the "quick ship" list. If any recruits drop out, you will be called in to take their place.
3. Gain enough hours to become a commercial air pilot. For many pilots, their ultimate goal is to work at a commercial airline. You will need 1500 hours of flight time to be hired by a commercial airline, but most major airlines prefer at least 3000 hours.
   
   • Most airline companies will also require their applicants to pass a psychological and intelligence exam.
   • New airline pilots often start as first officers in regional airlines, where they can gain experience flying passengers in all weather conditions. Later, you can qualify for better, higher-paying positions.
4. Achieve seniority for more opportunities. Advancement in most airline jobs is dependent on seniority. After 1-5 years, pilots can qualify for first officer positions. After 5-15 years, first officers can then advance to captain. Seniority will help you gain preferred flight assignments and take time off for weekends or holidays.
   
   • Beyond captainship, experienced pilots can also advance to chief pilot, director of aviation, and other positions depending on where they work.

[Edit]Tips

• Poor eyesight doesn't necessarily disqualify you from being a pilot. As long as you can see well with glasses or contacts, you can pass the medical exam. You may also consider getting eye surgery, if applicable in your situation.
• Long absences from home is part of the job for pilots. Keep this in mind, especially if you struggle with spending extended time away from your family.
• Becoming a pilot is a stressful job, as you hold the safety of your passengers in your hands. You will need to pursue constant training and examination, drug and alcohol tests, difficult hours, and huge liability. Think before choosing this career.
• This article primarily focuses on the process of becoming a pilot in the United States. Steps you need to take may vary depending on which country you're in.

[Edit]Expert Interview

Thanks for reading our article! If you’d like to learn more about becoming a pilot, check out our in-depth with [v162249_b01].

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

1. ↑ http://learn.org/articles/What_Education_Do_You_Need_to_be_an_Airline_Pilot.html
2. ↑ [v162249_b01]. 4 November 2022.
3. ↑ http://www.military.com/join-armed-forces/join-the-military-basic-eligibility.html
4. ↑ http://www.degreequery.com/degree-need-become-pilot/
5. ↑ https://www.faa.gov/pilots/training/
6. ↑ https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/pilot_tips/
7. ↑ https://flightphysical.com/medical-exam
8. ↑ https://www.faa.gov/pilots/become/deaf_pilot/certification/
9. ↑ http://www.military.com/join-armed-forces/asvab/asvab-and-air-force-jobs.html

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How to Use Wella Toner

Pick the right toner and use the correct application method for perfectly bleached hair

You love your brightly bleached hair, but those orange undertones have got to go. That’s what toner is for! Wella toner is a popular brand that you can find almost everywhere, so it’s a favorite of many DIYers and professionals alike. If you’re overwhelmed by the sheer number of options you can choose from, we’ve got you covered: we’ll tell you exactly which toner to buy to make your bleached hair shine, plus how to apply it flawlessly. Let’s get started!

[Edit]Things You Should Know

• If your hair is naturally dark, pick T15, T11, T27, or T35.
• If you want a platinum or ash blonde shade, go with T10, T18, T14, or T28.
• Mix darker toner with 10 volume developer, and mix lighter toner with 20 volume developer.
• Apply the toner to your hair when it’s damp, then let it sit for about 20 minutes before rinsing it out.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Choosing Toner and Developer

1. Go with T15, T11, T27, or T35 if your hair is naturally dark. If your natural hair color is brown or black and you’ve recently dyed it blonde, there’s likely a lot of orange in the strands. The lightest Wella toners won’t be able to cancel out the brassiness completely. Instead, opt for a richer beige shade to lift your color. These shades are also great if you want hair that’s light but not quite platinum.^[1]
   
   • If you want to lighten your hair after using the medium shade, wait a few weeks, then tone again with a lighter toner, like T10, T18, T14, or T28. Now that the orange has been lifted out, your hair will be able to pick up the platinum shades more effectively.
   • To see what these shades look like, view Wella’s shade chart.
2. Choose T10, T18, T14, or T28 to get a pale or ash blonde shade. These lightest, whitest shades will get you to a platinum color if your hair is already a lemony blonde. If your hair is still brassy and orange, wait on using this light toner, because it won’t be strong enough to noticeably change the shade of your hair.^[2]
   
3. Use a 10 volume developer with a darker toner. Choosing a developer is important, because hair developer helps open up the hair cuticle so that it can pick up the color more effectively. A 10 volume developer is the least powerful, and works best if you’re trying to maintain ash brown hair or if you’re trying to get rid of only mild brassy tones.^[3]
   
4. Choose a 20 volume developer on hair tinted a darker orange. A stronger 20 volume developer will not only open up your hair cuticle to help the toner take effect, but will also lighten your hair on its own. This makes it a great choice if you’re looking to tone your hair to a very light blonde shade or if your hair is a more noticeable orange color.^[4]
   
   • Don’t use a 30 or 40 volume developer at home. Higher volume developers could seriously damage your hair if not applied by a professional colorist. Restoring damaged hair is possible, but it’s best to avoid it if you can.
5. Buy Wella toner and developer online. The best place to buy Wella products is online through sites like Amazon and Sally Beauty. You can also ask your local hair salon or beauty store if they carry Wella products in stock.
   

[Edit]Applying Toner

1. Apply toner right after bleaching for the fastest results. Toner works best if you’ve already bleached your hair, because it will lighten or darken strands that are already around the shade you want. After bleaching, rinse your hair with water. If you’re toning immediately afterwards, don’t condition just yet.^[5]
   
   • Although many people choose to tone right after bleaching, you may need a few days to buy your toner or to decide if you want to use one at all. Don’t worry! You can tone your hair at any point after bleaching it.
2. Towel dry your hair but leave it somewhat damp. After washing out the bleach, towel dry your hair. It’s best to apply toner to hair that’s still a bit wet so it gets distributed evenly, so dry your hair enough so that it’s still slightly damp but not dripping.^[6]
   
   • If you’re not using toner right after bleaching, simply wash your hair with shampoo beforehand and towel dry the same way.
3. Pull on some plastic or latex gloves and an old T-shirt. Toner will stain your hands, so it’s best to protect them with disposable gloves. It will also leave spots on your clothing, so wear a shirt you don’t care about staining.^[7]
   
4. Mix 2 parts developer with 1 part toner in a bowl. If you have long hair, several inches past your shoulders, use the whole bottle of toner. Fill up the empty bottle twice with developer and pour it into the same bowl. If your hair is shorter, just below or at your shoulders, use half a bottle of toner and twice as much developer.^[8]
   
5. Clip up the top few layers of your hair. Use hair ties or long plastic hair clips and let the very bottom layer hang down. This is where most people have the most brassy, orange tones, so it’s a good place to start your toning.^[9]
   
6. Brush on the toner with the applicator brush. Starting with a small section of hair on one side, paint the toner on evenly from root to tip. The strands should look darker and wetter once the toner is fully on. Work from one side to the other, using a mirror to make sure you don’t miss any sections.^[10]
   
   • You can use the same applicator brush for your toner that you used to apply bleach to your hair.
7. Unclip your hair and take down another thin layer. Repeat the process of brushing on the toner with this layer, then move on to the next until you reach the top layer and all your hair has been covered in toner.^[11]
   
8. Scrunch any leftover mixture through your hair with your hands. Focus on your roots and the back of your head, which are often the hardest parts to hit with the applicator brush. Remember to keep your gloves on through this process so you don’t stain your hands.^[12]
   
   • It’s okay if you don’t have any extra toner mixture left to apply. This is just a way of making sure you don’t waste any leftovers.
9. Let it process for 20 minutes. Your hair will start to look dark and blue or even purple, but don’t worry. This is a normal part of the toning process, and your hair definitely won’t be purple when you wash it out!^[13]
   
   • To minimize the staining on your shirt, clip your hair up with a plastic clip while you wait for it to process.
10. Rinse out the toner and apply a moisturizing conditioner. It’s best to wait at least 24 hours before you shampoo your newly-toned hair to make sure the color won’t fade before it’s fully set in. Instead, rinse your hair with cool water in the shower and rub in a moisturizing conditioner from the middle of your head down to your tips.
    
    • Wella makes a moisturizing conditioner that you can buy at the same time as the toner.

[Edit]Maintaining Your Shade

1. Wash your hair every 2-3 days with a sulfate-free shampoo. This will prevent your toner from fading too quickly. Use a sulfate-free shampoo made specifically for color-treated hair, which is gentle enough to help your toner stay put.^[14]
   
   • Try using dry shampoo if you need to wash your hair more often. You can also rinse your hair with water and apply some conditioner, which won’t strip the color.
2. Use purple shampoo or conditioner once a week. Lather in the purple shampoo or rub the purple conditioner evenly throughout your hair. For your first few washes, leave the shampoo or conditioner in for 2-3 minutes before washing it out. Leave it in for a little longer each time, eventually working up to 10 minutes.^[15]
   
   • Don’t go any longer than 10 minutes or use the shampoo or conditioner any more frequently than once a week. Overusing purple shampoo will leave your hair looking dull or even gray.
   • For the same reason, only use purple shampoo or purple conditioner, not both.
3. Use heat protectant before straightening or blow drying. Rub in a lightweight hair oil from the middle of your hair down to the ends to hydrate it and protect its color. You can also use a heat protectant spray. Turn down the heat on your styling tools to protect your hair from damage.^[16]
   
   • As an extra, more expensive preventative measure, you can also look for straighteners that are made specifically for color-treated hair.
   • Avoid washing your hair in very hot water for the same reason.
4. Use a hair gloss once per month. A hair gloss closes your hair cuticle, which helps to hold in the color and gives the strands some extra shine. This is a great solution if you’re taking good care of your hair and using the right products, but still seeing your toner fade. You can go to the salon for a gloss, or do it yourself at home.^[17]
   
5. Rinse your hair before you get in a pool and wash it right after. Standing under a shower for a minute or so before jumping in the pool allows your hair to soak up clean water, which means it won’t be able to absorb as much pool water. For extra protection, rub a bit of conditioner into your hair from the middle of your head down to the tips. After you get out, wash your hair as soon as you can with your sulfate-free shampoo.^[18]
   
   • If you can’t take a shower before you get in the pool, empty a water bottle over your head.
   • Use the same process before and after you swim in the ocean, as well.
6. Reapply your toner every 5-6 weeks to maintain your color. Toner will typically last 2-8 weeks, but you might see your color start to fade before that. Since it’s a simple and relatively cheap process, and isn’t quite as hard on your hair as bleaching or dying, you can tone again after about a month.
   

[Edit]Tips

• You can also book a hair appointment just for toning. Ask your stylist if they do toning, and if so, book an appointment in between color treatments. Aim to tone about 3-4 weeks after 1 coloring and before the next.

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

1. ↑ https://www.wella.com/professional/m/pdf/wcc-la-r009-14_productknowledge_guide_3.pdf
2. ↑ https://www.wella.com/professional/m/pdf/wcc-la-r009-14_productknowledge_guide_3.pdf
3. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BGbSG2W0ZA&t=83s
4. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BGbSG2W0ZA&t=138s
5. ↑ https://www.wella.com/professional/m/pdf/WCC_Education_Book-English.pdf
6. ↑ [v161225_b01]. 28 January 2020.
7. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4OnkJRW-3A&feature=youtu.be&t=3m4s
8. ↑ https://www.wella.com/professional/en-US/products/color-multiproduct/permanent-liquid-toners/information
9. ↑ https://www.wella.com/professional/m/pdf/WCC_Education_Book-English.pdf
10. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4OnkJRW-3A&feature=youtu.be&t=3m12s
11. ↑ https://www.wella.com/professional/m/pdf/WCC_Education_Book-English.pdf
12. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4OnkJRW-3A&feature=youtu.be&t=4m20s
13. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4OnkJRW-3A&feature=youtu.be&t=4m31s
14. ↑ [v161225_b01]. 28 January 2020.
15. ↑ https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/beauty-hair/hair/tips/a34558/how-to-keep-blonde-hair-bright-rimmel60/
16. ↑ https://www.today.com/style/heat-enemy-11-tips-help-your-hair-color-last-longer-t84596
17. ↑ http://www.refinery29.com/95520#slide-7
18. ↑ http://www.refinery29.com/95520#slide-2

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