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mardi 30 décembre 2014

How to Make a Masquerade Mask

The history of the masquerade mask is intertwined with the history of the festive season of Carnival. During this religious celebration, people crowd the streets in costume to party before Lent. The costumes include ostentatious masks of all shapes and sizes. The design of masquerades masks is fairly simple -- the mask covers the top half of the wearer's face and is sometimes attached to a handle. Today masquerade masks are also worn at non-religious costume parties or at Halloween. Use the following steps to make a masquerade mask.


Steps


With Paper or Card



  1. Choose or create your mask design. The standard mask goes a bit above the eyebrows and ends at the top of the cheekbone, but yours doesn't have to.





    • A basic masquerade mask is an elongated horizontal oval with a curved hump for the nose. More elaborate masquerade masks can cover more of the cheeks and forehead with exaggerated points at either end. Look for ideas on the Internet or a costume shop. You will also need to decide the type of materials to use in your mask construction.



  2. Sketch or print out the basic outline of your design on a piece of paper. For a sturdier mask, use cardstock. You could also take several pieces of paper to make it even stronger.





    • You want the outline to be plain with plenty of inner white space. Use letter-sized paper -- anything smaller wouldn't work and anything bigger would be a waste.



  3. Add details to the outline. Doing this now will help you see if you like the shape of your mask -- you can adjust it as necessary or add a detail as part of the shape of your mask.





    • Attaching flames or swoops onto the outline can make it more interesting and even change its shape entirely. Consider flames, swoops, hearts, stars, and geometric shapes.



  4. Cut out the mask. Be careful! Use a good pair of scissors to prevent any snags or tears. Leave a little extra room on the sides if you are attaching a band or some type of holding device.





    • Trim your eyeholes much larger than the size of your actual eyes. Having more visual space is safer, more comfortable, and it tends to look better.



  5. Mark your mask for painting. You'll be very glad you do this -- you won't end up painting your mask and having it turn out poorly or not to your liking. Make your marks light; you don't want to see them through your paint.





    • Creating a design for the surface of the mask might include multiple colors and textures. Sketching those outlines ahead of time will allow you to maintain symmetry.



  6. Paint your mask. Take care as you hold it; if your fingers touch the wet paint you could smear it (or get it on your clothes). Paint on several coats to get a rich hue.





    • The choice of color is a personal one, but traditional colors include deep reds and metallics. Use a small paintbrush to ensure clean lines.



  7. Allow the paint to dry fully. Be patient -- this could take a while. Set it on a covered surface in an open area and leave it be.





    • Depending on the type of paint you used, this could take up to 4 hours.



  8. Glue on your extras. This is totally up to you, but do consider weight, bulk, and tackiness. Too many embellishments will leave your mask looking overdone.





    • Masquerade masks are traditionally loud and flashy, so adding materials such as rhinestones, glitter and colorful feathers is normal. Stick with your originally planned theme and don't overcrowd the surface.



  9. Paint and adorn your dowel to match your mask. If you don't have a dowel, you can use chopsticks, a firm straw, or a very carefully rolled up piece of card.





    • Feathers are the traditionally adornment to a dowel, but you can use strings of pearls, leaves, or any embellishment you see fit.



  10. Adhere the handle to the backside of the mask. The easiest way to do this will be with a hot glue gun, though other methods will work, too.





    • The position of the handle is unimportant. Some masquerade masks have handles coming from the middle, others have it from either side, and some masks have no handle at all.



  11. Allow the glue to dry fully. Hold the dowel in position for 30 seconds to make sure it's secure and in place. If it moves at all, apply more glue.





    • Wave around your mask a bit -- if it seems sturdy, you're done!




With Tulle or Sheer Fabric



  1. Print out your template. With this method, you can print out a template that has a great amount of detail. It will take longer, but you'll be able to include as much detail as you'd like.





    • Place it on the table. Clear a space much wider than the paper on your surface.



  2. Tape a piece of plastic wrap over the template. Make sure it's covered on all sides and the template can't move around underneath.





    • If you seem to be having issues, tape the edges of the template down to the table, too.



  3. Tape tulle over the plastic wrap. It should be much bigger on all sides than your template. It does not have to be perfectly centered; it just has to be bigger.





    • If you don't have tulle, you can use sheer fabric. Know that tulle is stiffer and easier to work with it.



  4. Trace the template with fabric paint. For your first mask, you may want to stick to one color. Be careful not to rest the edge on your hand on the template, smearing the paint.





    • If you do use more than one color, be aware that the colors may run a bit together where they meet.

    • Let it dry overnight.



  5. Cut out the mask. Gently peel the tulle off the table, making sure everything is dry first. Carefully cut out the edges of the mask and the eyeholes.





  6. Attach ribbon to the edges. Cut two pieces of ribbon 20″ each. Spread a little fabric glue on the tips and attach them to the mask. Let dry 1-2 hours.





    • You can trim the strands shorter if you like, just make sure it will tie around your head before cutting!




With Plaster



  1. Put petroleum jelly over the to-be-masked area on your face. Be generous -- if you miss an area, it may hurt when you're taking it off.





    • This method will not pull out your eyebrows. Just be liberal with your application of the petroleum jelly; you'll be thankful you did.



  2. Start forming your mask. Cut and wet your strips of plaster and make an 'X' on your face. Place the first two strips diagonally across the bridge of your nose.





    • Apply strips until you have attained the shape of the mask you want. Take extra care around your eyes -- leave a little more room than you need.





    • Smooth out all the pieces as you put them on. You'll want a smooth base to design later on.



  3. Take off the mask. You'll have to wait for it to dry first, though. When it starts to become itchy, that's when you know it's ready.





    • Loosen up the mask by scrunching your face over and over. The movement of your face and the jelly will slowly ease the mask off the form of your face.



  4. Add shape to the mask. This step is completely optional -- if you're happy with the shape of your mask now, move onto decorating. But if you'd like to add a bit more, go on ahead!





    • If you'd like to add ears or any other shape, cut it out from a piece of card and glue on. Attach more plaster on and around it until it's smooth and allow it to dry.



  5. Attach a dowel. The most accessible way to do this is with a disposable chopstick. Glue it on and place plaster strips over the tip. Smooth over.





    • Any stick-like object will do. When you're finished attaching the dowel, allow it to dry overnight.



  6. Break out the sandpaper. Start grinding away to smooth the rough areas. It doesn't have to be perfect, but this will remove the grainy, granular look of the plaster.





    • Wipe the dust off with a cloth and spray with a coat of clear paint to seal. Let it dry.



  7. Start painting. Here's where you get to do just about whatever you want. It may be wise to stick to one color. Most masquerade masks employ only one color scheme.





    • Once you're done painting, you may want to include a top coat of glitter spray. It adds a nice, finishing touch.



  8. Add your embellishments. They'll cover the tip of your dowel and make your mask look professional and stylish.





    • Think about bows, feathers, ribbon, and jewels. And definitely think about combinations!






Video


Tips



  • You can purchase plain plastic face masks at many craft stores, which would allow you to skip having to create a mask with paper.

  • Adding too many details to the mask's outline can make it difficult to cut out.

  • Stay calm if you mess up. It takes a while to get it right.

  • Painting the inside of the mask can help to prevent the paper from warping or curling.

  • If the mask is too flimsy with the thickest paper, trace the mask onto cardboard and glue it to the back.


Warnings



  • Some paints can irritate the skin. Be aware of the types of paint you're using and the proximity to your skin.


Things You'll Need


With Paper or Card



  • Thick paper

  • Scissors

  • Paint

  • Pencil

  • Paintbrush

  • Glue

  • Dowel

  • Decorative materials


With Tulle or Sheer Fabric



  • Template

  • Plastic wrap

  • Tape

  • Tulle

  • Scissors

  • Fabric paint

  • Ribbon

  • Glue


With Plaster



  • Plaster wrap

  • Water

  • Petroleum Jelly

  • Scissors

  • Card (optional)

  • Paint

  • Dowel

  • Embellishments




Related wikiHows





Sources and Citations







source How to of the Day http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Masquerade-Mask

How to Maintain a Clean Home





These are tips that the entire family can and should use. All family members living in the home should help take care of the home they live in. Almost everyone can do something, even small children. There is no reason why Mom should clean up behind herself and everyone else too! After all, if everyone is partaking of the blessings of the home to live in, everyone should help take care of it. While no one will change overnight, incorporating these tips into your daily life will soon make new and neater habits for even the messiest of the messes.


Steps



  1. Clean up any and all messes immediately. You will get into the habit of doing this after a while. Once you walk away from it, chances are that you won't go back to it.





  2. Make a habit of cleaning up as you go! This saves time and keeps your home clean and organized. Washing dishes as you cook works great and prevents the large pile to wash after the meal.





  3. If you can't clean as you go, take 15 minutes a day to clean your home. It's a tempting thought to try and clean the entire house all at once, and if you can do that, great! However, most don't have that much time set aside on any one day. Instead, start with the kitchen and bathroom. These are two rooms that should always be clean and sanitary. Make it a goal to clean those two rooms and keep them clean. Then work on the rest of the home. Once you have a room clean and organized, make an effort to clean as you go so that it stays that way.





  4. Keep a bag/box for items that you no longer use/need. This includes clothes, toys, books....whatever is in your home that's not being used. Keep everything labeled with the date that you put it in the bag—get rid of it after seven days. You can donate it, sell it, trash it—just get rid of them! The idea here is to get rid of clutter, not just to move it from one place to another.





  5. Clean during commercial breaks. If you watch TV, have everyone hop up during commercials to do simple tasks like putting shoes away, hanging up coats and school bags up etc. Three people doing that three or four times through a 1/2 hour show equals a sum close to an hour of work! In addition, this ends up feelings more like a game than a chore.






Keeping a Kitchen Clean



  1. Never go to bed with a dirty kitchen. Even if you can't get to the dishes right after a meal, make sure the kitchen is clean before bedtime to prevent an unmanageable mess.





  2. Clean out your sink. After dinner each night, wash the dirty dishes that have accumulated through the day. If you have a dishwasher, load the dishes in for cleaning. If you don't, set them in a rack to dry once hand cleaned. When the sink is clear, wipe it down with soap and a dish towel to sanitize and clean it. Rinse with water. This step should take only a few minutes to complete.





  3. Spray a kitchen cleaner on the stove top, tabletops, and counters. Then wipe down with a clean paper or cloth towel. Be sure to clean any spots or stuck-on food as you go. It should only take a minute's worth of work.





  4. Inspect the kitchen floor for any spots or spills, and use the same cloth you used on the counter to wipe them up. You don't need to use spray cleaner unless the spots are really stuck on. Aim to spend 30 seconds to 1 minute on this task.





  5. Sweep the floor with a broom quickly if necessary. If there are food particles or visible dirt, you need to get rid of it before it builds up later. Spend 1 to 2 minutes on this job.





  6. Set rules in your house to require everyone to pitch in. If someone goes in to get a snack, make it clear that it's their responsibility to clean up immediately after they make the mess.






Keeping a Bathroom Clean



  1. Spray a glass cleaner on the mirror if has spots on it. Use a paper or cloth towel to wipe it down quickly. It should take only a few seconds, and if there's no visible debris on the mirror, skip the step. You'll get to it when you do your heavier cleaning.





  2. Wipe down the sink with the same cloth you used on the mirror. If you didn't clean the mirror, simply spray the cleaner in the sink and on the faucet and wipe up. Spend no more than 30 seconds on this step unless you have trouble spots that need attention.





  3. Use the same cloth from the sink and mirror to wipe down the edges of your tub, if you have one, and then the toilet seat, and rim. Make sure to do the toilet last. These tasks take only 1 minute to do.





  4. Scrub the toilet bowl with a toilet brush if there's a visible ring. It should take only 30 seconds. Leaving a ring to sit will make heavier cleaning take longer. If there's no ring, skip it for later.





  5. Spray an all-purpose daily cleaner on the shower doors or curtains, and wipe down with a clean, dry cloth. Once you get this in to your routine, it should take 1 minute and will help drastically cut down on the build-up of soap scrum.






Keeping a Bedroom Clean



  1. Take 2 minutes to make the bed. If you're in a hurry, pull the comforter over unkempt sheets, and smooth it down. You'll be getting in it soon anyway.





  2. Hang your worn clothes from the day on hangers, or toss them into the dirty clothes hamper. Take a minute to put away any jewelry or accessories, which will help keep the room clutter free.





  3. Clear off the nightstands from last night. Remove any old water glasses, magazines, or items you don't need right by the bed, and put them in the proper place. This should take 30 seconds.






Keeping a Living Room Clean



  1. Straighten up the sofa. Remove any toys, books, or junk, and fluff the pillows. Fold any throw blankets, and put them back in place. This step takes 1 to 2 minutes, and is essential in keeping the room clean.





  2. Wipe down table surfaces with a clean cloth to remove crumbs, prints, or water rings. Spending 1 minute on this step will ensure you're lightening your load when it's time to do a more substantial cleaning job.





  3. Use a hand-held vacuum to pick up any dirt, food, or miscellaneous grime on the floor or rugs. Take 1 to 2 minutes here, and don't forget to zip over the surfaces of sofas or chairs if needed.





  4. Clear the floors of any clutter. Take up to 4 or 5 minutes to put away any toys, books, games, or other items that aren't where they belong. With this last step, your home should be in top shape for the day.








Tips



  • Make a list of chores that need to be done and scratch them off as you go. It will help prevent you from forgetting something and others can see what is left to be done. There won't be confusion with what they can assist with.

  • While everyone is different and works at a different pace, everyone can do this!

  • Go through your refrigerator the night before your trash pickup. Get rid of old foods or condiments that go unused. If the jar of olives has been there for 2 years, it is time to toss them. Check expiration dates on dressings and other condiments. Wipe off what shelves you can. Because your trash gets picked up the next day you won't need to worry about your outside trash can starting to smell.

  • After your trash pick up you should spray bleach into your outside trashcan and hose out. Odors will be reduced and bugs and insects won't be drawn to it. Let it dry in the sun. Before you add your first trash bag you can spray the interior and the lid with Raid or other bug spray. This isn't so much an issue when the weather gets cold but it can save you from a smelly disaster.

  • Every time you look in the refrigerator try to remove something old or unused. You'll get into the habit of looking and it will save you that smelly science project surprise later on.

  • All members living in the home should do their part. There is no excuse for anyone to not help out unless they are physically or mentally unable to do so. Even a baby that crawls at six months can be taught to begin put their toy into the toy box. Get everyone involved and get organized!

  • Curtains could be changed occasionally, dry cleaned and kept ready for use.


Related wikiHows







source How to of the Day http://www.wikihow.com/Maintain-a-Clean-Home

lundi 29 décembre 2014

How to Kill Bamboo

While bamboo can look quite pretty, it can also be an invasive plant. It is hard to get rid of, no matter what method you choose. Luckily, it's not impossible to kill. Whether you go for the chemical, organic, or physical methods, you will be doing a fair amount of digging up rhizomes (underground stems) and cutting down the stalks. The best way, of course, is to prevent your bamboo from ever becoming a problem.


Steps


Killing Bamboo With Chemicals



  1. Cut the bamboo down to soil level and wait for new shoots to grow back. Before you spray new bamboo leaves, make sure that you either cut or mow it down and then allow it to regrow. It sounds weird, but you need to let new bamboo grow. Bamboo herbicide won't be effective if the canes of the bamboo are well-developed.





    • Cut the bamboo down in late winter so that you can be applying to herbicide on the new growth in late spring or early summer.



  2. Sever any underground rhizomes when new shoots start to grow back. Use a sharp spade (or other sharp garden implement) to cut down the bamboo and sever the rhizomes of the bamboo.[1] Break up as many clumps of rhizomes as possible.





    • Rhizomes are masses of roots that grow underground. These root-stalks grow horizontally underground in clumps and then send new shoots up beyond the surface when the plant is ready to grow.

    • You probably recognize rhizomes if you've ever eaten ginger and galangal, or have seen raw turmeric. These roots with many offshoots are what the underground rhizomes of the bamboo plant should look like.



  3. Apply glyphosate herbicide to the leaves, stalks, and shoots of the bamboo. Glyphosate herbicide only kills the plants that it comes into direct contact with. This means that you'll need to be careful about applying it only to the bamboo.[2] Most glyphosate herbicides need to be sprayed onto the leaves, stalks, and shoots of the plant and allowed enough time to penetrate before any water dilutes it. Unless instructed to do so, do not apply glyphosate herbicide to the soil surrounding the bamboo, as it will be ineffective.





    • If you're near a water supply (river, lake, ocean, etc.) make sure that you're using an herbicide that's meant for eradicating plants near water. You don't want to contaminate nearby bodies of water.



  4. Alternately, use a stump and root killer on the bamboo. Another way to mow down bamboo in its tracks is to cut down the canes and then apply a stump and root killer containing glyphosate or triclopyr to the foliage of any regrowth.





  5. Repeat treatment. One application won't eradicate the infestation; bamboo is tough and has a tendency to spread like wildfire. (Unfortunately, even wildfire can't completely get rid of this pest!) As the bamboo continues to send up shoots, you'll need to continually apply the herbicide treatment to the leaves, stalks, and shoots of the plant in order to properly exterminate it.





    • When using any kind of herbicide, remember to consult instructions that come with packaging. Some herbicide instructions may differ significantly from the advice offered in this tutorial. When push comes to shove, defer to instructions that come with the herbicide product.

    • You should also use this herbicide method in conjunction with rooting out the rhizomes of the bamboo, so that it doesn't keep sending up shoots.




Killing Bamboo Without Chemicals



  1. Dig out the plant. This is one of the main, non-chemical ways to kill your bamboo. Use a sharp spade, mattock, or saw to cut the plant down and dig it out. Like all the other methods and ways, this will take some paying attention to the bamboo and continuing to root out its different culms (bamboo stalks) and rhizomes (bamboo's underground stems).[3]





    • You will want to cut down the culms, but you'll also want to root out the rhizomes, otherwise the beast will keep growing. Rhizomes grow in the top foot of soil, so you'll want to dig down until you find them.

    • Sever the rhizomes as you go, especially if you want to keep some of the bamboo plant. This will keep it from sending out more shoots.

    • Keep cutting it down and digging it out. You will need to do this until the bamboo plant stops sending up shoots. This can take months, or even years to accomplish, but there isn't a faster way, because bamboo is so pervasive and resistant.



  2. Mow the area regularly. Bamboo, like grass, is fine for the occasional mowing, but it does not like frequent mowing. This can help reduce the stalks, especially on a plant that hasn't grown too huge (you'll have less luck mowing bamboo stalks that have grown huge, unless you cut them down first).[4]





    • Mowing the bamboo frequently can reduce the rhizomes, because it takes away their way of collecting food (from the sun through their leaves).

    • You will have to mow whenever you see stalks arising, because this method can take awhile.



  3. Deplete the plant's stored food. Another way you can get rid of your bamboo is to basically starve it. You should start by cutting down the stalks, below the soil line and then placing a dark tarp or thick piece of plastic over the top of the area. This will make it so the plant is cut off from rain and sun, and air which will eventually kill it.[5]





    • Anchor the tarp or plastic down. People tend to use cinder blocks, but anything heavy enough to keep the tarp down will work fine. You have to make sure that the plastic or tarp does not move, because the point is to cut the bamboo off from the elements.

    • If you get new growth coming up beyond the perimeter of the tarp, you'll need to immediately either spray it with herbicide (containing triclopyr), or cut it down and put a cinder block over the area.

    • Again, this can take awhile, so you have to be patient. Leave the tarp there for at least a month or so (but it can take up to a year to really eradicate the bamboo).




Keeping Bamboo Contained



  1. Set up an open-sided barrier. You will want to make sure that this barrier goes at least two to three feet deep, which is deeper than most rhizomes can go. The benefits to an open sided barrier are that the bamboo doesn't get too root bound in its enclosed space, and makes sure that the bamboo has adequate drainage. You can also use it to set up a border along a fence line or property line, which can help keep your bamboo from escaping into your neighbor's yard or vice versa.[6]





    • If you're in a DIY sort of mood, you can make the barrier from concrete, metal, or plastic. Any of them are good. Be aware that rhizomes may be able to travel through wood. Its use is discouraged.

    • One really effective and highly-used material is a high-density polypropylene — 40 mil or heavier. This sort of specialized bamboo barrier usually costs between $3 and $4 per foot, depending on the material and thickness.

    • If setting up a barrier along a fence, place it directly alongside the fence, with about of barrier above ground.



  2. Set up a fully enclosed barrier. Like the open-sided barrier, enclosed barriers will need to be at least two to three feet deep. Unlike the open-sided barrier, it will enclose the bamboo all around, so that no rhizomes should escape. The biggest benefit to this one is the obvious one — it keeps the bamboo completely contained, although you may still have to check for rhizomes.[7]





    • Again, make sure that at least of barrier is visible above the ground, because this will allow you to detect any rhizomes trying to escape over the sides.



  3. Consider hedging bamboo in on one side with a pond or stream. If planned properly, a pond or stream coupled with a three-sided enclosure will act as a decorative but effective barrier against the bamboo. The stream itself serves as the fourth wall, since bamboo rhizomes cannot travel across water.





  4. Periodically check for escaping rhizomes. If you're enclosure is deep enough and well-constructed, your bamboo shouldn't have very many places to grow. Still, you'll have to keep vigilant watch on your bamboo to make sure it isn't creeping out of its designated area. If you do catch some unruly bamboo rhizomes, remove them entirely: cut them up beneath the surface and consider using any of the steps mentioned above to fully kill the bamboo.








Video


Tips



  • If you plant a bamboo in a container you won't have to worry about it sending out runners all across your yard. It's a good way to enjoy bamboo without all the hassle.

  • Clumping bamboo (unlike running bamboo, which is the most invasive and difficult to get rid of) can be a better option if you still want bamboo in your yard. However, it can also get out of hand, and the above methods are good for getting rid of it, as well.


Warnings



  • Wear gloves when applying the herbicides, otherwise your skin could get irritated.

  • Make sure that you only apply the herbicides to the plants you want to kill, otherwise you'll damage other plants in your garden..


Related wikiHows



Sources and Citations




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source How to of the Day http://www.wikihow.com/Kill-Bamboo

https://warriorplus.com/o2/a/x8g6yk/0

What Are the Korean Animal Face Types? (And Which Type Do You Have?)

Plus, expert makeup tips to flatter each animal face type In Korea, categorizing different facial features and shapes based on animals has...

https://warriorplus.com/o2/a/x8g6yk/0