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dimanche 5 février 2023

How to Change Text Color in HTML

Easily change the color of text using CSS or HTML

Do you want to change the color of the text on a web page? In HTML5, you can use CSS to define what color the text will appear in various elements on your page. You can also use inline style attributes to change the color of individual text elements in your CSS file. Using CSS will ensure that your web page is compatible with every possible browser. You can also use external CSS files to create a standard font color for a specific style across your entire website. This wikiHow article teaches you how to change text color using HTML and CSS.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Creating Text Styles

  1. Open your HTML file. The best way to change the color of your text is by using CSS. The old HTML attribute is no longer supported in HTML5. The preferred method is to use CSS to define the style of your elements. Go ahead and open or create a new HTML document.
    157292 1 1.jpg
  2. Place your cursor inside the head of your HTML file. When you are using an internal style sheet for a specific HTML file, it is usually placed within the head of the HTML file. The head is at the top of the sheet in between the opening tag, and the closing tag.
    157292 2 1.jpg
    • If your HTML document does not have a head, go ahead and enter the opening and closing head tags at the top of your HTML file.
  3. Type the opening and closing tags for the style sheet. All CSS elements that affect the style of the webpage go in between the opening and closing style tags within the head section of your HTML document. Type in the "head" section to create the opening style tag. Then type a couple of lines down to create the closing style tag. When you're finished, the beginning of your HTML file should look something like this:[1]
    157292 3 1.jpg
  4. Type the element you want to change the text color for followed by the opening and closing brackets. Elements you can change include the text body (), paragraph text ("<p>"), as well as headers ("<h1>", "<h2>", "<h3>", etc.). Then enter the opening bracket ("{") one space after. Then add the closing bracket ("}") a few lines down. In this example, we will be changing the "body" text. The beginning of your HTML file should look something like the following:
    157292 4 1.jpg
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <style>
    body {
    
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    
  5. Add the color attribute into the element section of the CSS. Type in between the opening and closing brackets of the text element you just created. The "color:" attribute will tell the page what text color to use for that element. So far, the head of your HTML file should look something like the following:
    157292 5 1.jpg
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <style>
          body {
          color:
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    
  6. Type in a color for the text followed by a semi-colon (";"). There are three ways you can enter a color: the name, the hex value, or the RGB value. For example, for the color blue you could type for the color name, for the RGB value, or for the hex value. Your HTML page should look something like the following:
    157292 6 1.jpg
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <style>
    body {
            color: red;
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    
  7. Add other selectors to change the color of various elements. You can use different selectors to change the color of different text elements. If you want the header to be a different color than the paragraph text or body text, you will need to create a different selector for each element within the "<style>" section. In the following example, we change the color of the body text to red, the header text to green, and the paragraph text to blue:
    157292 7 1.jpg
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <style>
    body {
            color: red;
    }
    h1 {
            color: #00FF00;
    }
    p {
            color: rgb(0,0,255)
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <h1>This header will be green.</h1>
    
    <p>This paragraph will be blue.</p>
    
    This body text will be red.
    </body>
    </html>
    
  8. Define a CSS class that changes text color. In CSS, you can define a class rather than using the existing elements. You can apply the class to any text element within your HTML document. To do so, type a period (".") followed by the name of the class you'd like to define. In the following example, we define a new class called ".redtext", which changes the color of the text to red. Then we apply it to the header at the top of the HTML document. Checkout the following example:
    157292 8 1.jpg
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <style>
    .redtext {
            color: red;
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <h1 class="redtext">This heading will be red</h1>
    <p>This paragraph will be normal.</p>
    <p class="redtext">This paragraph will be red</p>
    
    </body>
    </html>
    

[Edit]Using Inline Styles

  1. Open your HTML file. You can use inline HTML style attributes to change the style of a single element on your page. This can be useful for one or two quick changes to the style but is not recommended for widespread use. It's best to use CSS for comprehensive changes. Go ahead and open or create a new HTML document.[2]
    157292 9 1.jpg
  2. Find the text element in the file that you want to change. You can use inline style attributes to change the text color of any of your text elements, including paragraph text ("<p>""), or your headline text ("<h1>").
    157292 10 1.jpg
  3. Add the style attribute to the element. To do so, Type inside the opening tag for the element you want to change. In the following example, we have added the style attribute to the header text:
    157292 11 1.jpg
  4. Type the attribute inside the quotation marks. Type "color" with a colon (":") within the quotation marks after the style attribute. So far, your HTML file should look something like the following:
    157292 12 1.jpg
  5. Type the color you want to change the text to followed by a semi-colon (";"). There are three ways you can express a color. You can type the name of the color, you can enter the RGB value, or you can enter the hex value. For example, to change the color to yellow, you could type for the color name, for the RGB value, or to use the hex value. In the following example, we change the headline color to yellow using the hex value:
    157292 13 1.jpg

[Edit]Tips

  • You can see a list of supported color names and their hex values at

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary



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How to Treat an Infected Ear Piercing

Home remedies to clear up infections, plus guidance on when it’s time to go to the doctor

Those new earrings sure look cute—but why is your ear feeling swollen, red, or irritated? The likely cause is an infection, which is pretty common, especially in new ear piercings. Fortunately, with the right home care and cleaning, you can typically clear up an infection on your own. Read on to learn how to take care of an infected ear piercing, as well as when it’s time to see your doctor.

[Edit]Things You Should Know

  • Wash your hands, then gently clean the infected piercing with a saline solution.
  • Apply an antibiotic ointment to your ear to treat infections fast.
  • See your doctor if your symptoms persist for more than 48 hours.[1] They may prescribe you with a prescription cream or antibiotics.
  • Newly pierced ears can become infected and can present with pain, redness, swelling and warmth in the treated area. Some of these symptoms will be present as a result of the piercing within the first 24 hours, but this does not mean it is infected.[2]

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Home Care

  1. Wash your hands before handling the infected area. Your hands can spread dirt or bacteria that might worsen your infection. Before cleaning or treating the area, wash your hands using warm water and soap.[3]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 1 Version 6.jpg
    • Infected piercings can be caused by touching your ear with dirty hands, so it’s important to give them a quick wash every time you touch your piercing.
  2. Clean the infected area with a saline solution. To make a saline solution, mix 1/2 teaspoon (3 grams) of salt into a 1 cup (237 ml) of warm water. Dab a sterile cotton ball or gauze into the solution and gently sweep it over both sides of the ear at the site of the piercing. Do this twice a day to keep the area clean.[4]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 2 Version 6.jpg
    • The area may sting slightly when you use the solution, but it won’t be very painful.
    • Avoid using rubbing alcohol or alcohol-based solutions on the infected area, as these can irritate the area and delay healing.
    • Gently pat the area dry afterwards with a paper towel, tissue, or cotton swab. Avoid using a towel, as it might irritate the ear.
    • If both ears are infected, use a different swab or gauze for each ear.
  3. Apply an antibacterial ointment to heal infections. After cleaning the area, apply OTC antibacterial ointment around the piercing and on the earring itself. Continue to use antibiotic ointment for up to 7 days.[5]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 3 Version 5.jpg
    • Leave the earring in your ear unless you’re told otherwise by a doctor. Removing the earring can irritate your earlobe more, leading to more swelling and redness.
  4. Apply a warm compress to your ear to help relieve pain. To make a warm compress, soak a washcloth in warm water or a warm saline solution. Press the cloth over your ear for 3-4 minutes. Repeat as needed for pain relief throughout the day.[6]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 4 Version 5.jpg
    • Afterwards, dry your ear gently by patting it down with a paper towel or tissue.

[Edit]Seeking Medical Treatment

  1. Go to the doctor if your symptoms last more than 48 hours.[7] Serious complications can result from an untreated ear infection. If your ear is still sore, red, or oozing pus after a week, make an appointment with your primary care physician. If you have any of the following symptoms, make an appointment:[8]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 5 Version 5.jpg
    • Red, swollen, or throbbing ear[9]
    • Warmth on the area[10]
    • Discharge or pus from the piercing
    • Fever or chills
    • Infections usually develop within 2-4 weeks after the initial piercing, although it is possible to develop an infection even years after getting your ears pierced.[11]
  2. Apply a prescription cream if your doctor gives you one.[12] If your infection is moderate but not severe, you may just need a prescription antibiotic cream. Follow your doctor’s instructions when applying to clear up your infection fast.[13]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 6 Version 6.jpg
    • If your infection is very minor, you may just need to use an OTC cream for longer. Your doctor will tell you exactly what to do.[14]
  3. Take oral antibiotics for more serious infections.[15] If you have a fever or if your infection is severe, your doctor may prescribe an oral antibiotic pill instead. Take the pill according to your doctor’s instructions. Remember to take the full course of antibiotics, even if your infection seems to go away.[16]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 7 Version 5.jpg
    • Pills are usually needed if you have a cartilage piercing that has become infected, but they can also be used for earlobe piercings.
  4. Get an abscess drained if it has formed. An abscess is a wound with a large build-up of pus. If you have an abscess, your doctor will drain the wound. This is an outpatient procedure that may be done on the same day as your first visit.[17]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 8 Version 8.jpg
    • Your doctor may apply a warm compress to your ear to drain the abscess or they may make an incision in the abscess.

[Edit]Preventing Infections

  1. Stop touching the ear or piercing unless necessary. If you are not cleaning the wound or removing the piercing, don’t touch your ear. Avoid using clothing or devices too close to your infected ear as well.[18]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 9 Version 7.jpg
    • If you have long hair, keep your hair up in a bun or ponytail so that it doesn’t hang by your ears.
    • Avoid sleeping on your piercing if possible. Keep your bed sheets and pillow cases clean to avoid spreading the infection.
  2. Avoid swimming until the piercing heals. Generally, you should not swim for 6 weeks after getting your piercing. Chlorinated or dirty water can irritate the piercing more, which delays healing.[19]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 10 Version 5.jpg
    • If you’re already dealing with an infection, stay out of the water until the infection clears up.
  3. Wear hypoallergenic jewelry if you have a nickel sensitivity. In some cases, your piercing might be irritated because of an allergy, not an infection. In this case, start wearing earrings made out of sterling silver, gold, surgical steel, or another nickel-free material. These are less likely to cause a reaction.[20]
    Treat an Infected Ear Piercing Step 11 Version 5.jpg
    • Allergies may appear as dry, red, or itchy skin around the site of the piercing.
    • Continuing to wear nickel jewelry if you have an allergy can increase your risk of infection.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Warnings

  • If you have an infection in your ear cartilage, then see a doctor as soon as possible. Infected cartilage may develop scar tissue if not treated promptly by a doctor.
  • If you have signs of a severe infection, like a fever, chills, or other flu-like symptoms, see your doctor for treatment right away.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary



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samedi 4 février 2023

How to Make a Beaded Bracelet

Using elastic cord, wire, and jump rings to make 3 types of bracelets

Looking for a relaxing, fun, and creative project? Well, why not try making a beaded bracelet? The possibilities are truly endless when it comes to bracelet making. You can keep it trendy with a stretchy beaded bracelet, sophisticated with a wire bracelet, or groovy with a multi-strand bracelet. Each method in this article advances in skill, so you’re sure to find the perfect design whether you’re a jewelry-making novice or expert. So, grab your beads and cord because we’ve got some beading to do!

[Edit]Things You Should Know

  • Make sure to pre-stretch your elastic cord if you’re making a beaded stretchy bracelet, as this can help your bracelet from overstretching as you wear it.
  • Use crimp beads to “tie off” a wire beaded bracelet with a clasp to replicate bracelets you may see in stores.
  • String multiple beaded strands onto jump rings using bead tips to create a multi-strand beaded bracelet that looks like you’re wearing more than one bracelet.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Stretchy Bracelet

  1. Measure your wrist and cut the elastic to size. Wrap your stretchy elastic cord around your wrist 1 and a half times. Then, use scissors to cut the elastic about away from your wrist. This extra cord will help you tie your knot later.[1]

    • Put the elastic around your wrist where you want the bracelet to sit. If you want a looser fit, add extra slack. If you want it tighter, pull the elastic flush against your skin.
    • The average bracelet is around for adult women and for adult men.
    • You can use a colored or clear elastic cord for your project, but keep in mind that a colored cord could be seen through the beads.
  2. Stretch out the elastic. Before you start making your bracelet, it’s important to stretch your elastic, as this can prevent it from overstretching or snapping. Hold the elastic between your fingers and give it a few gentle tugs.[2]

    • If your stretch cord snaps while you do this, no worries! Simply measure and cut another piece.
  3. Fold some tape over one end of the elastic. Now, this step is optional, but it can help you keep your beads on the cord (especially if you’re a beginner). Simply stick a piece of tape on the end of the elastic and fold it over.

    • Think of the tape as a buffer for your beads. As you thread, they’ll stop rather than slip off the cord.
    • The type of tape you use doesn’t matter—just grab whatever you have on hand.
    • No tape? No problem! Use a binder clip or paper clip as a stopper or buffer instead.
  4. Thread your beads onto the elastic until you reach your desired length. Start slipping beads onto the open end of the cord. Keep going until the beads are long enough to cover your wrist.[3]

    • Try laying out your pattern of beads beforehand. This is especially helpful if you want a specific bead in the center of the design.[4]
    • Test to see if you have enough beads on your cord by carefully wrapping it around your wrist—just remember to leave enough slack to tie the bracelet off.
  5. Tie a square knot to secure your bracelet. Twist the 2 ends of the elastic over and under each other, creating a simple knot. Then, bring the strand you brought under previously over the other strand to make a second knot. Pull the ends of the elastic tight to secure your square knot.[5]

    • Dab a dot of super glue onto the knot for extra security.
  6. Cut off the excess string and show off your bracelet. Once the knot is secure, carefully trim off the extra string. Maneuver the elastic to slip the knot in between a bead to hide it. Now all that’s left to do is put on your bracelet and show it to your friends![6]

    • If you used glue to help secure your bracelet, wait at least 15 minutes for it to dry before putting it on. Otherwise, the glue might stretch or move away from the cord.

[Edit]Wire Bracelet

  1. Measure your wrist and add . Use a fabric tape measure to measure the size of your wrist. Make sure to place the measuring tape where you want the bracelet to rest. Add to your wrist size to ensure that you have enough wire to fit and secure the clasp.[7]

    • If you don’t have a tape measure, wrap your wrist with a piece of string to use as a guide instead.[8]
  2. Cut your beading wire to size with wire cutters. Once you have your measurement, line the beading wire up against the measuring tape (or string). Use a pair of jewelry wire cutters to trim the wire to the correct size.

    • If you don’t have jewelry wire cutters, that’s okay. Any wire cutter will work.
    • There are many sizes of beading wire out there, so make sure your beads fit through your chosen wire before you lay out your design.
  3. Thread beads onto your wire until the beads are the size of your wrist. Lay out your beaded design, or choose beads at random. Guide them through the wire one by one until the string of beads is the same length as your wrist (the measurement before you added the extra length).[9]

    • Try clipping a binder clip to the end of your wire to keep your beads from slipping off your bracelet as you bead.[10]
  4. Latch the clasp onto the bracelet with a crimp bead. Once you’re happy with your bracelet’s design, thread on a crimp bead and one part of the clasp. Then, weave the wire back through the crimp bead to create a loop. Squeeze the crimp bead with a crimper tool or needle nose pliers to flatten it in place and be a “knot.”[11]

    • Tug on the wire before crimping to make the loop around the clasp tighter. The tighter the loop, the less wiggle room your bracelet will have.
    • Tuck any leftover wire through your beads to strengthen your bracelet.
    • Crimp beads separate the bracelet’s beads from the clasp while securing the clasp in place.
  5. Crimp the second part of the clasp onto the other end of the bracelet. Repeat the process on the remaining open end—threading on a crimp bead, slipping on the clasp, weaving the wire back through the crimp bead, and crimping the loop in place. Weave some of the leftover wire through the 2 or 3 beads.[12]

  6. Snip off the excess wire and put on your bracelet. Once everything’s crimped, your bracelet is about ready to wear! Trim off any extra wire that's poking out of the beads from making your clasp loops with wire cutters. Then, go and show the world your beautiful creation.[13]

[Edit]Multi-Strand Bracelet

  1. Measure your wrist and add to your measurement. Use a fabric tape measure to find the size of your wrist. Make sure to line up the tape measure where you want your bracelet to fall. Adding on an extra will give you plenty of cord to tie and clamp the bracelet off later.

    • Try laying out your bead pattern once you know how long each strand of your bracelet needs to be. Make the line of beads the same length as your wrist (the measurement minus the ).[14]
  2. Cut 2 pieces of thread twice the length of your measurement. Beading thread is perfect for this type of beaded bracelet because it’s stretchy and delicate. Use scissors to trim the thread off the spool.

    • If you don’t have beading thread, try using a thin, stretchy elastic instead.[15]
  3. Fold your 2 threads in half and tie a knot to form a loop. Line up both of the threads so that their ends match up. Then, fold them in half to make 4 strings. Double-check that the ends line up, and tie a loop knot at the top.

    • Make as many knots as you need to keep the loop from unraveling.
  4. Fold a bead tip over the knot. Dot the knot at the base of the loop with super glue or jewelry glue. Then, thread a bead tip through the strands. Use a pair of needle nose pliers to close the bead tip over the glued knot.[16]

    • For now, don’t worry about the loop coming out of the bead tip. Those excess strings will be trimmed off later.
    • Bead tips can also be called bead clamps, clam shells, bead ends, or string tips and help protect knots while securing jump rings and clasps.
  5. Thread all 4 strands through a beading needle and start beading. A beading needle isn’t necessary, but it can help you easily get smaller beads onto your bracelet. String beads onto your bracelet until the bead length matches your wrist size. Add a beading tip as your last bead.[17]

    • Consider laying out your bead pattern before beading, so you can visually see your design and make sure you have the correct amount of beads.
  6. Tie off your beaded strand. Remove the needle and tie an overhand knot at the end of your beads, leaving a tiny gap between the knot and the beads. More than 1 knot may be needed to keep the beads from sliding off.[18]

    • To remove your beading needle, slide the ends of the thread out of it.
  7. Fold the bead tip over the knot and cut off the excess string. Place a drop of glue over the knot and clamp the tip down with your needle nose pliers. Make sure the loop of the bead tip is facing away from the beads. Trim the excess string hanging out of the tips.

  8. Repeat this process until you have your desired number of strands. Cut more cord, fold it in half, add a bead tip, string on beads, and finish with a bead tip until you have 2 or more separate beaded strands. Lay the strands side-by-side to get an idea of what your finished bracelet will look like.[19]

    • Make each strand the same, or mix up your bead colors or pattern for a more eclectic look.
    • Twist your strands together for a tangled bohemian look.
  9. Join the beaded strands together with jump rings. Open 2 jump rings with your pliers. Slip the looped part of the bead tips from one end of the strands through a jump ring. Close the jump ring with your pliers. Thread the other jump ring through the other end of the strands, slip on a lobster claw clasp, and then close the ring.

    • And that’s it! You’ve successfully made a beautiful multi-strand bracelet. Now all that’s left to do is wear it.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Things You'll Need

[Edit]Stretchy Bracelet

[Edit]Wire Bracelet

[Edit]Multi-Strand Bracelet

[Edit]Tips

  • Aim to cut the elastic or wire longer rather than shorter, as you can always cut off excess, but you can’t add more.
  • Start with an elastic cord if this is your first time making a beaded bracelet. It’s the easiest material to work with, and it’s super forgiving.
  • If you’ve worked with elastic cord for a while, move up to making wire bracelets with crimp beads and clasps. Wire requires a few more materials to work with, which may not make it the best string for beginners.
  • Not all beads work with all types of string. Smaller beads work best with thin, delicate elastic, while larger beads work well on wire.
  • Try using one type or a mix of beads for your project. Pony beads are great for stretchy bracelets, and glass or stone beads look lovely on wire bracelets.
  • Use a bead tray to lay out your bracelet’s design and measure your string. Simply line up your beads along the tray’s curve and move your beads around until you like what you see.[20]

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary



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How to Read a Hospital Monitor

When you visit a loved one in the hospital, you're likely to find your eye drawn to the monitor at their bedside. If you're wondering what all those wavy lines, numbers, and abbreviations mean, you've come to the right place! Read on to learn how to read and understand the patient monitor so you'll know what all those values can tell you about your loved one's condition. And if you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to ask a doctor or nurse on duty.

[Edit]Things You Should Know

  • Read the numbers on the right-hand side of the monitor to learn the patient's pulse rate, body temperature, and blood pressure.
  • Use the respiratory and oxygen saturation rates to keep tabs on the patient's breathing and circulatory system.
  • Watch the waveforms for any signs of irregular heartbeat or breathing.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Pulse rate (PR)

  1. A normal resting pulse rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute. This number is typically in the top right-hand corner of the monitor screen and tells you how fast the patient's heart is beating. The number might go up when the patient sits up, talks, or moves around.[1]
    Read a Hospital Monitor Step 1 Version 2.jpg
    • Someone who is injured or ill is likely to have a higher resting pulse rate than normal, but this is usually no cause for alarm. The monitor will issue an alert if the number gets too high.
    • Athletes who do a lot of cardiovascular training, such as cyclists or long-distance runners, might have a normal resting pulse rate of around 40 beats per minute.[2]

[Edit]Body temperature (TEMP)

  1. The normal temperature range for adults is . This is typically the second number you'll see on a patient monitor, directly under the pulse rate. A body temperature over is considered a fever, while anything below is considered hypothermia.[3]
    Read a Hospital Monitor Step 2 Version 2.jpg
    • It's normal for a patient's body temperature to go up a degree or so if they're eating or active. Their temperature might also go down a degree or two if they're sleeping.

[Edit]Blood-oxygen level (SpO2)

  1. Normal oxygen levels are between 95 and 100. This number is a percentage that tells you how much oxygen is in the patient's blood. Even a little below 95 is usually okay, but the patient might require supplemental oxygen if the number drops below 90.[4]
    Read a Hospital Monitor Step 3 Version 2.jpg
    • Oxygen saturation is typically monitored using a pulse oximeter, a small clip on the patient's finger or toe.
    • The SpO2 number isn't always displayed on a patient monitor, but you'll usually see it if the patient is experiencing a respiratory condition, such as pneumonia or COVID-19.

[Edit]Respiration rate (RR)

  1. The normal respiration rate for adults at rest is 12-16 breaths per minute. Quite simply, this is the number of breaths the patient takes in one minute. A patient's respiration rate typically increases if they have a fever and might not be any cause for alarm. However, you do want to make sure the patient isn't having any difficulty breathing.[5]
    Read a Hospital Monitor Step 4 Version 2.jpg
    • If the patient seems to be having trouble breathing, such as if they're gasping for breath or breathing very shallowly, press the call button to have a nurse come and evaluate their condition.

[Edit]Systolic blood pressure (SYST)

  1. Normal systolic blood pressure is between 90-120 mm Hg. This number, together with the diastolic blood pressure number, is typically found in the bottom-right corner of the screen. Systolic blood pressure tells you the amount of force exerted on the patient's arteries at the moment when their heart is beating.[6] High blood pressure occurs with systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or greater.[7]
    Read a Hospital Monitor Step 5 Version 2.jpg
    • A patient's systolic blood pressure is read together with their diastolic blood pressure—even though the numbers might appear separately, they're expressed as a single unit.

[Edit]Diastolic blood pressure (DIAS)

  1. Normal diastolic blood pressure is between 60-80 mm Hg. Diastolic blood pressure is the force exerted on the patient's arteries between heartbeats, or when their heart is at rest.[8] High blood pressure occurs with diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or greater.[9]
    Read a Hospital Monitor Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • When you read a patient's blood pressure, express it as a ratio with the systolic blood pressure over the diastolic blood pressure. For example, if the monitor showed systolic blood pressure of 110 and diastolic blood pressure of 75, you'd say the patient's blood pressure is "110 over 75."

[Edit]ECG waveform

  1. An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart. This is usually the top wavy line on the hospital monitor. You can think of it as an image of the pulse rate, which is displayed right next to it. Healthcare practitioners study extensively to learn how to read and interpret an ECG waveform. As the loved one of a patient, all you really need to know is that each spike or peak corresponds to a heartbeat. If the patient has a regular heartbeat, these spikes will occur the same number of little blocks apart from each other.[10]
    Read a Hospital Monitor Step 7 Version 2.jpg
    • The ECG on a patient's hospital monitor typically comes from lead II, electrodes attached to the patient's right arm and left leg. If the ECG shows any irregularities, doctors or nurses will confirm the issue by attaching additional leads.

[Edit]SpO2 waveform

  1. Use the SpO2 waveform to monitor the patient's blood flow. The SpO2 waveform is the wavy line under the ECG waveform, usually blue but sometimes red. As long as each crest on the SpO2 waveform matches up with a spike on the ECG right above it, you can rest assured that oxygenated blood is circulating efficiently with each heartbeat.[11]
    Read a Hospital Monitor Step 8 Version 2.jpg
    • Like the ECG, healthcare professionals undergo a lot of training to learn how to interpret these waveforms. It helps them see how well the heart is pumping blood, particularly to the patient's extremities.

[Edit]Respiration waveform

  1. The respiration waveform shows how well the patient is breathing. Most patient monitors don't have a respiration waveform, but it'll be there if they have respiratory issues. This is the wavy line at the bottom of the screen and is usually yellow or white.[12]
    Read a Hospital Monitor Step 9 Version 2.jpg
    • Doctors and nurses use this waveform to identify apnea (when the patient suddenly stops breathing) or dyspnea (when the patient has difficulty breathing).

[Edit]Tips

  • Visiting a loved one in the hospital can be an overwhelming experience. Remember to take breaks to recharge. Most hospitals also have counseling services available if you need to talk to someone.[13]

[Edit]Warnings

  • Avoid focusing too much on a single number. Doctors and nurses will look at the vital signs together and take the context into consideration. A single number out of normal range usually isn't cause for concern.[14]
  • If the monitor or another piece of equipment starts beeping, call a nurse to come and check it out.[15]

[Edit]References



source How to of the Day https://ift.tt/eBTg9lL

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