How to Make Armpit Hair Less Noticeable

Armpit hair can sometimes be stubborn. Even if you shave, you might still have some visible stubble, especially if your hair is dark or thick. If you prefer not to shave your armpits, you still might wish the hair looked less obvious. While you're probably more worried about your armpit hair than anyone else is, if you feel self-conscious about it, there are steps you can take to help make your armpit hair less noticeable, from changing the way you shave to trying depilatory creams and laser hair removal.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Shaving the Hair

1. Spend a few minutes in a very warm shower to soften the hair. Before you start shaving, stand under the warm water from your shower. The heat and steam will help soften the hair under your armpits. This may help you get a closer shave, reducing the appearance of stubble in the short term.^[1]
   
   • You can also soak in a warm bath if you prefer. Try to sink down low enough in the water that the hair touches your armpits.
2. Exfoliate with a loofah or scrub before you shave. Exfoliating sloughs away dead skin cells, which can help reduce ingrown hairs and give you a closer shave.^[2] After you’ve been in the shower for a few minutes, use a loofah, washcloth, or a sugar scrub to exfoliate your armpits. Lightly scrub your skin in a circular motion, but don’t rub too hard, since you don’t want to irritate your skin.^[3]
   
   • Sometimes, body hair can get trapped under a thin layer of skin. However, a razor blade can only cut through hairs above the skin. This can make you look like you have stubble, even right after you shave.
3. Apply shaving cream or gel to your armpits. To get the closest, smoothest shave, you should use a shaving cream or gel. Dispense a small amount onto your fingertips, then rub it on your armpits to lather it up.^[4]
   
   • You can do both armpits at once, or you can do one at a time if you prefer.
4. Hold your arm over your head to stretch the skin. Armpits can be tricky to shave because of the folds of skin when you have your arm down. To help pull the skin taut, stretch your arm up above your head. This will help prevent nicks while you’re shaving.^[5]
   
   • You may also want to use your hand that’s holding the razor to pull the skin even tighter.
5. Shave your armpit from the bottom to the top. With your arm held above your head, hold the razor in your other hand and press it to your skin at the bottom of your armpit. Then, glide the razor all the way up your armpit in one smooth motion. You’ll probably need to repeat this 2-3 times to cover your whole armpit.^[6]
   
   • Avoid shaving over the same place twice, which can lead to skin irritation.
6. Apply a soothing moisturizer after you dry off. Once you get out of the shower and towel off, take a small amount of lotion or body oil and apply it to your armpit. This can help soothe your skin, reducing the likelihood that you’ll end up with red, irritated pits.^[7]
   
   • Try using a lotion for sensitive skin, if you have one.
   • If you notice that your antiperspirant stings or burns after you shave, wait at least 5-10 minutes after shaving before you apply it. Spend 5-10 minutes doing something else, like drying your hair or picking out your outfit, before you put on your antiperspirant. If you shave at night, consider waiting until the morning to apply your antiperspirant.^[8]

[Edit]Trying Other Hair Removal Techniques

1. Use trimmers or scissors if you want to thin the hair without removing it all. You don’t necessarily have to shave your pits to make them look a little tidier. Use a sharp pair of barber scissors or a pair of beard trimmers to get the hair down to a manageable length, instead. Work slowly and carefully to avoid any nicks in that area.^[9]
   
   • Use one of the longer attachments on your trimmer if that’s what you’re using.^[10]
2. Wax to reduce the appearance of stubble. If you’re not getting the results you want from shaving, consider waxing your armpits instead. Visit a salon for a professional wax, or you can buy an at-home waxing kit if you want.^[11] If you’re waxing the hair yourself, use barber scissors to trim the hair to about , then apply a thick layer of the hot wax to your armpits. Lay one of the included cloth strips over the wax and let it harden, then pull the strip off in the opposite direction from your hair growth.^[12]
   
   • Since waxing pulls the hair out from the roots, the results are often smoother than shaving, and typically last for several weeks. In addition, the hair may seem finer as it grows in, so your stubble won’t look as obvious as with shaving.^[13]
   • If waxing is too painful, consider sugaring, which is a similar process using sugar, lemon juice, and water. Repeat the treatment every 2-3 weeks. Over time, you should notice the hair becoming thinner and sparser.^[14]
3. Apply a depilatory cream for painless hair removal. Depilatory creams, also called hair removal creams, break down the bonds in your hair.^[15] Choose a gentle formula, since the skin under your arms can be sensitive. Apply the cream according to the package instructions, then wipe or rinse the cream away.^[16]
   
   • Be aware that these creams usually have a strong odor.
   • If you have dark skin under your armpits, these creams can sometimes make them appear lighter.^[17]
   • Depilatory creams remove hair at the skin level, just like shaving.^[18]
4. Visit a doctor for electrolysis or laser hair removal. If you’ve tried different approaches and you’re still self-conscious about your underarm hair, visit a doctor or a dermatologist and ask them about options for hair removal. They may recommend electrolysis, which involves inserting tiny needles into the hair follicle, or laser hair removal, which uses lasers to destroy the hair follicle.^[19]
   
   • In laser hair removal, it may take 6 or more sessions before you start to see results. However, after 8 or more sessions, you should notice that the hair is significantly reduced.^[20]
   • These options can be expensive and are typically not covered by insurance. However, if you can afford it, they can be a long-term or even permanent solution to remove your underarm hair.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

• There are some commercial deodorants on the market which claim to make your armpit hair less visible. These are not hair removal products. Instead, they use moisturizers to soften the hair so it stands up less, therefore appearing less visible.^[21]

[Edit]Warnings

• Always follow the packaging instructions when you're using a product on your skin. Leaving a product on too long or using it differently than it's intended can lead to severe irritation or even damage to your skin.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

• Get Rid of Unwanted Hair
• Shave Your Legs Out of Water
• Give Yourself a Brazilian Wax

[Edit]References

1. ↑ https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hair-removal.html
2. ↑ [v161083_b01]. 30 August 2019.
3. ↑ https://www.onlymyhealth.com/raise-your-hands-carefree-try-these-ways-to-get-silky-smooth-armpits-1433764601
4. ↑ https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hair-removal.html
5. ↑ https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hair-removal.html
6. ↑ https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hair-removal.html
7. ↑ https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hair-removal.html
8. ↑ https://www.oprah.com/omagazine/how-to-avoid-underarm-razor-bumps-ask-val-for-advice
9. ↑ https://www.mensjournal.com/style/3-rules-for-beach-body-grooming-20150619/
10. ↑ https://www.gq.com/story/gq-mens-body-grooming-duide
11. ↑ [v161083_b01]. 30 August 2019.
12. ↑ https://www.self.com/story/how-to-wax-at-home
13. ↑ [v161083_b01]. 30 August 2019.
14. ↑ [v161515_b01]. 11 August 2020.
15. ↑ [v161083_b01]. 30 August 2019.
16. ↑ https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/how-to/a10343/depilatory-creams/
17. ↑ https://www.onlymyhealth.com/raise-your-hands-carefree-try-these-ways-to-get-silky-smooth-armpits-1433764601
18. ↑ [v161083_b01]. 30 August 2019.
19. ↑ https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hair-removal.html
20. ↑ [v161515_b01]. 11 August 2020.
21. ↑ http://thebeautybrains.com/2009/09/does-dove-visibly-smooth-deodorant-remove-underarm-hair/

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How to Make a Bar Graph in Excel

It's easy to spruce up data in Excel and make it easier to interpret by converting it to a bar graph. A bar graph is not only quick to see and understand, but it's also more engaging than a list of numbers. This wikiHow article will teach you how to make a bar graph of your data in Microsoft Excel.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Adding Data

1. Open Microsoft Excel. It resembles a white "X" on a green background.
   
   • A blank spreadsheet should open automatically, but you can go to File > New > Blank if you need to.
   • If you want to create a graph from pre-existing data, instead double-click the Excel document that contains the data to open it and proceed to the next section.
2. Add labels for the graph's X- and Y-axes. To do so, click the A1 cell (X-axis) and type in a label, then do the same for the B1 cell (Y-axis).
   
   • For example, a graph measuring the temperature over a week's worth of days might have "Days" in A1 and "Temperature" in B1.
3. Enter data for the graph's X- and Y-axes. To do this, you'll type a number or word into the A or B column to apply it to the X- or Y- axis, respectively.
   
   • For example, typing "Monday" into the A2 cell and "70" into the B2 field might show that it was 70 degrees on Monday.
4. Finish entering your data. Once your data entry is complete, you're ready to use the data to create a bar graph.
   

[Edit]Creating a Graph

1. Select all of your data. To do so, click the A1 cell, hold down , and then click the bottom value in the B column. This will select all of your data.
   
   • If your graph uses different column letters, numbers, and so on, simply remember to click the top-left cell in your data group and then click the bottom-right while holding .
2. Click the tab. It's in the editing ribbon, just right of the Home tab.
   
3. Click the "Bar chart" icon. This icon is in the "Charts" group below and to the right of the Insert tab; it resembles a series of three vertical bars.
   
4. Click a bar graph option. The templates available to you will vary depending on your operating system and whether or not you've purchased Excel, but some popular options include the following:
   
   • 2-D Column - Represents your data with simple, vertical bars.
   • 3-D Column - Presents three-dimensional, vertical bars.
   • 2-D Bar - Presents a simple graph with horizontal bars instead of vertical ones.
   • 3-D Bar - Presents three-dimensional, horizontal bars.
5. Customize your graph's appearance. Once you decide on a graph format, you can use the "Design" section near the top of the Excel window to select a different template, change the colors used, or change the graph type entirely.
   
   • The "Design" window only appears when your graph is selected. To select your graph, click it.
   • You can also click the graph's title to select it and then type in a new title. The title is typically at the top of the graph's window.^[1]

[Edit]Sample Bar Graphs

Sample Horizontal Bar Graph

Sample Horizontal Bar Graph

Sample Vertical Bar Graph

Sample Vertical Bar Graph

Sample Stacked Bar Graph

Sample Stacked Bar Graph

[Edit]Tips

• Graphs can be copied and then pasted into other Microsoft Office programs like Word or PowerPoint.
• If your graph switched the x and y axes from your table, go to the "Design" tab and select "Switch Row/Column" to fix it.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

• Add Titles to Graphs in Excel
• Make a Line Graph in Microsoft Excel
• Add a Second Y Axis to a Graph in Microsoft Excel
• Create a Chart from a Pivot Table

[Edit]References

1. ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/present-your-data-in-a-column-chart-d89050ba-e6b6-47de-b090-e9ab353c4c00

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How to Grow Vegetables Vertically

Vertical gardening is an approach used to grow vegetables up and down, rather than side to side like in a traditional horizontal garden. In a vertical garden, vegetables grow up tall structures instead of across the ground. Vertical gardening is an alternative for gardeners with limited space. Through vertical gardening, you also can obstruct undesirable views or create an area of architectural interest. Use these tips to grow vegetables vertically.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Preparing a Vertical Garden

1. Determine where to situate the vertical garden. Most vegetables require at least 6 hours of sun, so choose a sunny location for the vertical garden. If you live in an apartment building, a sunny balcony may be an option. If you have a yard, consider a sunny location against a south-facing wall of your house.^[1]
   
2. Select vertical structures. In order for plants to grow vertically, they need a vertical support system. Common support structures include trellises, tripods, pyramids, walls, fences, wire cages and walls. Arches or arbors can serve as focal areas while also supporting vegetables. Almost any structure that points toward the sky can be used for vertical gardening. Consider creative options like bamboo poles, tree branches, ladders, sunflowers or corn stalks.^[2]
   
   • Choose a support structure strong enough for the vegetables you want to grow. Mature plants loaded down with vegetables can be heavy. For example, tomato plants require very sturdy vertical structures, while peas may climb almost any structure without bearing much weight on it.
   • Place the support system in your garden or on your patio before planting vegetables. This prevents you from damaging plants.
   • Locate vertical supports on the north or east side of the garden where they won't block the sun from the growing vegetables.
   • Anchor the support system securely. Vertical supports like trellises or wire cages can be staked directly in the ground. Trellises and other flat vertical supports also can be attached to the exterior wall of a home. If you attach a vertical support to a wall, leave space between the wall and the trellis for air circulation as the plant climbs.
3. Prepare the soil. Whether you plant vegetables in the ground or in containers, soil quality is important for your vertical garden. Use weed-free, compost-rich soil. To encourage proper drainage in containers, mix the soil with peat moss or perlite.^[3]
   
4. Choose containers as applicable. If you are growing vegetables in containers, you can use almost any type of container. Make sure that the container is deep enough to accommodate the type of vegetable you are growing. Larger and heavier vegetables will require larger and sturdier containers. Consider hanging baskets, urns, window boxes, washtubs, coffee cans, clay pots or wooden crates. If the container does not have drainage holes, drill small holes on the bottom of the container before filling it with soil.
   

[Edit]Growing Vegetables Vertically

1. Understand the basics of growing vegetables vertically. Almost any type of vegetable can be grown vertically as long as the container is deep enough to accommodate the plant and the vertical staking is strong enough to hold the plant.^[4]
   
   • Evaluate your garden conditions. Choose vegetables that will thrive in your garden based on its lights, wind, heat and moisture. If you are growing vertical vegetables in containers, be prepared to water the containers daily.
   • Plant the "vine" varieties of plants when applicable. If you are growing beans, cucumbers, squash or beans, be sure to plant the vine variety, which will climb vertically, instead of the bush variety.
2. Select vegetables to grow. While most vegetables can be grown vertically, several types of vegetables are known for their success in vertical gardens. If you are just starting out in vertically gardening, consider these vegetables.^[5]
   
   • Grow pole beans vertically. Pole beans will climb almost any structure, including other plants. The Native Americans often planted beans and corn together because the corn would provide a vertical support for the beans.
   • Grow peas in a vertical garden. Like pole beans, peas will climb almost any structure and need little encouragement to twine around vertical supports. Consider growing peas on trellises, bamboo sticks or even over an arbor.
   • Grow winter squash and gourds vertically. Winter squash and gourds have long vines that can extend up to for the squash and for the gourds. Because the vines grow so long and become heavy, you must provide a sturdy, secure vertical support. To provide extra support to heavy winter squash, such as butternut, wrap cloth twine or strips of pantyhose around each fruit and tie to the vertical supporting structure. Do not use string to support the squash because it may cut into the stems. Some garden centers sell materials made specifically for supporting large vegetables, like winter squash and gourds.
   • Grow melons and pumpkins in a vertical garden. Like winter squash, melons and pumpkins have long vines and the fruit needs additional support when growing vertically. Grow melons and pumpkins up strong, secure vertical structures. Wrap slings made of old sheets, rags, towels or fabric scraps around the melons and pumpkins and secure them to the fence or trellis to provide needed support.
   • Grow cucumbers vertically. Cucumbers (the vine variety, not the bush variety) are ideal for a vertical garden because they naturally climb. They can be grown up almost any structure, such as an A-frame, cage or trellis, but it must be strong enough to support the weight of the vines. Initially, cucumbers may need a little encouragement to attach themselves to the vertical structure, but as soon as the tendrils wind around the support, they will climb vertically without assistance. The cucumbers will hang vertically from the plant, making them easy to harvest.
   • Grow tomatoes in a vertical garden. Because tomatoes are heavy plants, they require a sturdy vertical structure. As the tomato plants grow, tie the branches to the structure with a soft twine or cotton cloth at regular intervals.

[Edit]Tips

• If you use bamboo stakes or iron rods as vertical structures, buy "cane toppers" for the ends. These toppers, which can be a plastic ball or a ceramic decorative structure, keep the stakes or rods from poking you in the eyes while working around them.
• Another option is to create a tower garden using a large container and wire mesh.

[Edit]Warnings

• Do not pull fruits or vegetables like cucumbers, melons or squash off of the vertically growing vines. Pulling the fruits or vegetables too hard may separate the vine from its vertical structure or uproot it. Rather, use a small knife or pruning shears to remove fruits and vegetables from the vine.
• The climbing vines of many vegetables can have sharp, prickly edges. To protect your hands, wear garden gloves when harvesting vegetables.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

• Vertical support structures
• Vegetable seeds or seedlings
• Compost-rich soil
• Peat moss or perlite
• Containers
• Water
• Cloth twine or strips of fabric
• Old sheets, rags, towels or fabric
• Garden gloves
• Small knife or pruning shears

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

1. ↑ https://greenstalkgarden.com/growing-root-vegetables-vertically/
2. ↑ https://savvygardening.com/vertical-vegetable-garden/
3. ↑ https://getbusygardening.com/vertical-garden-maintenance/
4. ↑ https://pss.uvm.edu/ppp/articles/vertgard.html
5. ↑ https://harvesttotable.com/vegetable-crops-for-vertical-gardening/

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How to Make Low Acid Coffee

While coffee is a favorite daily habit for many people, it has its drawbacks. Coffee can stain your teeth, make you jittery and unfocused, and coffee's high acidity can irritate sensitive stomachs. Fortunately, there are ways to prepare coffee that remove much of its acidity. You can start by choosing a type of coffee that's lower in acidity and then adjust the method you use to brew it. Cold brewing is one of the most popular ways to lower acidity in coffee, but you can also boil coffee with crushed eggshells to help remove some of the acidity. You may want to try both methods to see which one agrees most with your stomach.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Choosing the Right Coffee

1. Select coffee that's advertised as low-acid. Some coffee beans undergo processing with steam or solvents to remove some of their acidity. Other coffee beans are naturally low in acid because of the area of the world that they grow in. Start with a coffee that's designed to be low-acid if you're concerned about acidity.
   
   • Coffees that are processed to remove the acidity are often marketed as “mild” or “stomach-friendly.”
   • Many coffees grown in Hawaii, Sumatra, Brazil, India, and the Caribbean are naturally lower in acid.
2. Opt for a dark roast coffee. Dark roast coffees, such as Italian and French roast, are usually lower in acid than light or medium roast varieties. That's because coffee undergoes chemical changes as it roasts, so the longer that it does, the more acid that is removed. Choose a dark roast coffee and make it using any method that you prefer.
   
   • Dark roast coffee also causes less acid to be secreted by the stomach than light or medium roasts.
   • If you're not used to drinking dark roast, use a smaller amount than you would of your usual light or medium roast until you're accustomed to the taste.
3. Use coarsely ground coffee. If coffee beans are ground too finely, too much of the acid may be extracted during the brewing process. To reduce the acid in your coffee, opt for a coarser grind, which isn't likely to be over-extracted when you're brewing your coffee.^[1]
   
   • You may want to try a medium ground coffee to see how it affects your stomach. However, avoid fine and extra fine ground coffees.

[Edit]Cold-Brewing Coffee

1. Fill a fine mesh bag with ground coffee. Take a fine mesh food grade bag, usually used for making nut milk, and place 4 ½ ounces (128 g) of ground coffee in the bag. Cinch or fasten the bag closed so the coffee won't come out.^[2]
   
   • These types of mesh bags are reusable, so you'll be able to wash it and use it the next time that you brew coffee.
   • If you don't have a mesh bag, you can mix the ground coffee directly into the water in the next step. However, you'll have to strain the coffee concentrate to remove the grounds after you've refrigerated it. Pour it through a fine mesh sieve before mixing the concentrate with water.
2. Put the bag in a pitcher and fill it with water. When the coffee is secure in the mesh bag, place it in the bottom of a 2-quart (1.9 l) pitcher. Add enough cold water to the pitcher to fill it to the brim.^[3]
   
   • For the best tasting coffee, use filtered water.
3. Refrigerate the pitcher overnight. Once the coffee is in the pitcher and it's filled with water, place it in the refrigerator. The coffee will need to brew for at least 12 hours, so it's a good idea to place it in the fridge the night before you plan to drink the coffee.^[4]
   
   • You may want to experiment with different brew times to see which results in the best tasting coffee. Start with 12 hours, and play around until you're happy with the flavor.
4. Remove the bag from the pitcher. After the coffee has brewed for approximately 12 hours, take the pitcher out of the refrigerator. Pull the mesh bag with the coffee out of the water, and squeeze it over the pitcher to extract all of the coffee flavor before discarding the grounds.^[5]
   
   • Make sure to wash the mesh bag thoroughly, so it's ready for the next time you plan to brew coffee.
5. Mix the coffee concentrate with hot water. The liquid in the pitcher will be an extremely concentrated form of coffee, so you need to dilute it with water. Mix 1 part of the coffee concentrate with 1 part of hot water for a cup of hot coffee.^[6]
   
   • Coffee that is prepared through cold brewing is 67% less acidic than coffee prepared through hot brewing.
   • You can also mix the coffee concentrate with cold water and add ice if you prefer iced coffee.
6. Keep the leftover concentrate in the refrigerator. If you don't use up all of the coffee concentrate, store it in the fridge. Unlike traditional hot brewed coffee, it won't go stale so it can keep for up to two weeks.^[7]
   

[Edit]Boiling Coffee with Eggshells

1. Combine the coffee, water, and eggshells in a pan, and bring to a boil. Add 10 tablespoons (54 g) of medium-ground coffee, 10 cups (2.4 l) of cold water, and 5 empty egg shells that have been crushed to a large sauce pan. Turn the burner to medium-high to bring the mixture to a boil.^[8]
   
   • Make sure to use a nonreactive pan for boiling the coffee.
   • The pan should be partially covered while you're waiting for it to come to a boil.
2. Simmer the mixture for several minutes. Once the coffee mixture has come to a boil, reduce the heat to medium-low. Cover the pan completely, and allow it to simmer for 5 to 7 minutes.^[9]
   
   • If the mixture isn't simmering, you may need to raise the heat to medium.
3. Allow the mixture to stand for a couple of minutes. When the coffee mixture has simmered for several minutes, remove the pan from the burner. Let the mixture stand until the coffee grounds settle, which should take approximately 2 minutes.^[10]
   
4. Strain the coffee into a pot. After the coffee grounds have settled, use a fine mesh sieve to strain the coffee ground and egg shells from the mixture. Transfer the coffee to a pot, and serve.^[11]
   

[Edit]Tips

• If you find the cold brewing recipe makes a hot cup of coffee that's too weak for your taste, increase the proportion of ground coffee used to prepare the cold brewed concentrate.

[Edit]Warnings

• Be aware that cold brewing extracts the coffee's caffeine much more efficiently than hot brewing, with the result that coffee brewed using this method can contain nearly twice as much caffeine as your usual cup. Cutting your coffee grounds with decaf grounds can mitigate this effect.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

Cold Brewing Coffee

• A fine mesh bag
• 4 ½ ounces (128 g) ground coffee
• Cold water
• Hot water, to mix with the concentrate

Boiling Coffee with Egg Shells

• 10 tablespoons (54 g) medium-ground coffee
• 10 cups cold water
• 5 empty egg shells, crushed
• A large sauce pan
• A fine mesh sieve
• A coffee pot

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

1. ↑ http://www.coffeeteawarehouse.com/coffee-grind.html
2. ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-make-amazing-cold-brew-coffee-2013-9
3. ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-make-amazing-cold-brew-coffee-2013-9
4. ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-make-amazing-cold-brew-coffee-2013-9
5. ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-make-amazing-cold-brew-coffee-2013-9
6. ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-make-amazing-cold-brew-coffee-2013-9
7. ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-make-amazing-cold-brew-coffee-2013-9
8. ↑ http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/boiled-coffee-241190
9. ↑ http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/boiled-coffee-241190
10. ↑ http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/boiled-coffee-241190
11. ↑ http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/boiled-coffee-241190

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